Download Skeletal System - Jessica Archbold

Jessica Archbold
Period 2A
Skeletal System
It supports the structure, gives it shape, protects vital organs and serves as an attachment
for the muscles.
Bones are alive. They take in food (calcium, phosphates, manganese) though blood. They
grow. They repair themselves.
Bones can be divided into living tissue, cells, blood vessels, mineral deposits, and water.
3 minerals BONES need: 1. Calcium 2. Phosphates 3. Manganese
*Periosteum – Soft, thin substance that covers and protects the bone.
*Compact Bone – Tough, hard bone that can heal itself when broken.
Spongy Bone – Contains red marrow, which produces red blood cells that carry
oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
*Marrow – Soft, inner center of bones containing blood vessels and fat cells.
Manufactures red blood cells. (Iron)
KIND OF JOINTS
Ball and socket – dislocate, unstable. (Hips, arms)
Hinge joint – hyperextend (Elbows, knees)
Pivot joint – (Head, arms)
Immovable (fixed) joint – Suture, in cranium
Gliding joint – (Wrist, spine)
Jessica Archbold
Period 2A
The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
However, we start out with approximately 350 bones.
List the main functions of the skeleton
1. Protects vital organs
2. Attachments for the bones
3. Support for the structure
4. Shape
Skeleton DOES NOT move.
Muscles move the skeleton.
The skeletal system is divided into two parts:
1. Axial – core or middle, cranial, spinal column
2. Appendicular – appendages, arms, legs, pelvis
The bones of the skeleton are held together at the joints by ligaments and tendons. Bones
are covered with special tissue called Periosteum. Our joints are covered with a think pad
of smooth cartilage, which acts as a buffer between hard bones.
656 # of muscles in the human body
Tendons – connects bone to muscle
Ligaments – connects bone to bone
Cartilage – flexible, tough tissue
Does not heal
2 parts of the skeleton
1. Axial skeleton – core or middle, cranial, spinal column
2. Appendicular skeleton – arms, legs, pelvis, extremities, limbs
Longest muscle - Sartorius
3 types of muscles
Shortest muscles – in the ear
1. Smooth – involuntary, organs
Strongest muscles – jaw
2. Skeletal, voluntary movement
3. Cardiac, involuntary, heart, modified skeletal
17 # of muscles to smile
43 # of muscles to frown
Its better to break a bone then
To mess with your tendons,
Ligaments and cartilage!!
(White hat good guy)
Protagonist muscle - contracts
Antagonist muscle – stretch, lengthen
(Bad guy)
“Double Jointed” – loose joints, tight tendons
Osteoporosis
Jessica Archbold
Period 2A
# Of bones in the human body 206
Born with 350
1. Cranium
2. Clavicle
3. Sternum (CPR)
4. Scapula
5. Vertebrae
6. Ribs
7. Humorous
8. Ulna
9. Radius
10. Pelvis
11. Sacrum
12. Coccyx
13. Carpals
14. Metacarpals
15. Phalanges carpals
16. Femur
17. Patella
18. Tibia
19. Fibula
20. Tarsal
21. Metatarsals
22. Phalanges Tarsal
23. Calcaneus
24. Maxilla
25. Mandible
26. Xyphoid Process
27. Spinal column
Longest bone – Femur
Smallest bone – Ear, 6 (3 in each)
1. Hammer – Malleus
2. Anval – Incus
3. Stirrup - Stapes
Osteoporosis
Bone Density
1. Calcium – vitamin D, 1300 mg daily
2. Weight bearing exercise
Jessica Archbold
Period 2A
656 # Of muscles in the human body
17 # Of muscles to smile
43 # Of muscles to frown
Bicep
Deltoid
Gluteus maximus
Hamstring
Latisimus dorsi
Pectoralis major
Quadriceps
Rectus abdominis
Sartorius
Trapezius
Triceps
Longest muscle – Sartorius
Shortest muscles – in the ear
Strongest muscles – jaw
3 types of muscles:
1. Smooth – involuntary (organs)
2. Skeletal – voluntary movement
3. Cardiac – involuntary, heart, modified skeletal
Tendons – connects bone to muscle (Achilles tendon)
Ligaments – connects bone to bone (ACL, DCL, MCL)
Cartilage – flexible, tough tissue, does not heal
Its better to break a bone
Then to mess with ligaments,
Tendons and cartilage!!!!