Download Physiology with Elements of Clinical Physiology

PHYSIOLOGY WITH ELEMENTS OF CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY
I.
Name of the unit offering the course: Department of Physiology
II.
Head of the unit/ Course coordinator: prof. dr hab. Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
III.
2nd year, number of hours: 160
IV.
Form of classes: Lectures: 80, tutorials: 80
V.
Form of crediting: exam
VI.
Number of ECTS points: 13.5
Course aims:
Physiology with elements of clinical physiology course is designed to provide students with
understanding of physiological mechanisms of human body functions, at the cellular and organ level
as well as integrative functioning of the human body. Course content will include neural and hormonal
homeostatic control mechanisms, study of the musculoskeletal, circulatory, respiratory, digestive,
urinary, reproductive, endocrine organ systems and the physiology of blood, kidney, principles of
acid- base balance and metabolism. Principles of exercise physiology will be emphasized throughout
the course.
VII.
Lecture topics:
1. Cell signaling pathways.
2. Communication within nervous system.
3. Mechanism of striatal muscle contraction.
4. Mechanism of smooth muscle contraction.
5. The importance of autonomic nervous system in homeostasis.
6. The physiology of movement balance system.
7. Sleep physiology and EEG.
8. Circadian rhythms.
9. Thermoregulation.
10. The pathogenesis and the importance of fever.
11. The molecular mechanism of hormones action.
12. The regulation of hormone secretion. The importance of hypothalamus- pituitary axis.
13. Reproductive physiology.
14. Hormonal imbalance.
15. Primary and secondary haemostasis. Haemostasis system balance and imbalance.
16. The electrical activity of the heart.
17. Heart muscle contraction. The regulation of heart muscle contractility.
18. The phenomenon of electrical, mechanical and acoustic work-related myocardial infarction.
19. Cardiovascular regulation. The mechanisms regulating blood pressure.
20. The importance of renin- angiotensin- aldosterone axis in the regulation of the cardiovascular
system function.
21. The peripheral vascular system and lymphatics.
22. The autoregulatory mechanisms in kidneys.
23. The control of breathing. Neural and chemical the control of breathing
24. Adaptation mechanisms: the influence of high mountain environment on human body.
25. The control and interaction of the respiratory and cardiovascular system.
26. The regulation of the digestive system functions.
27. Liver physiology.
28. Vitamins. Proper nutrition.
29. Evolutionary aspects of physiological processes.
30. Psychoneuroimmunology- is it better to be an optimist or pessimist.
VIII.
Classes topics:
1. Cell signaling pathways in nervous system.
2. Types of ion channels and their mechanism of action.
3. Resting membrane potential in nervous cell.
4. Action potential in nervous cell.
5. The physiology of the skeletal and smooth muscle contraction.
6. The physiology of the smooth muscle contraction.
7. The physiology of senses. Sensation and perception (vision, hearing).
8. The physiology of senses. Sensation and perception (taste, smell, touch).
9. Higher functions of the nervous system.
10. Movement and posture control.
11. Reflex action of the central nervous system.
12. Hormonal regulation of glucose level.
13. Thyroid hormones and their impact on metabolism.
14. Blood physiology.
15. Electrical phenomenon of the heart. The regulation mechanisms of the heart. Receptors
16. ECG- examination procedure, results interpretation, determining the electrical axis of the heart.
17. The acoustic phenomenon of the heart .
18. Peripheral circulation and blood pressure.
19. ECG during physical exercise.
20. The effect of physical exercise on the cardiovascular system. Effort tests.
21. The physiology of respiratory system.
22. Spirometry- recording and results interpretation.
23. Nervous and chemical regulation of breathing.
24. Water- electrolyte balance.
25. The renal system physiology.
26. Renal autoregulation.
27. The external secretion of the digestive system.
28. Motility of the gastrointestinal tract.
29. Acid-base balance.
30. Metabolism. The energy balance of the body.
IX.
The scope of the material for self-development:
1. Membrane channels and their functions.
2. Practical application of membrane channels.
3. News in the world of hormones.
4. Adaptive mechanisms of the human body.
5. Circadian rhythms, elements of chronomedicine and chronobiology.
6. Invasive and noninvasive diagnosis of the circulatory system.
7. Respiratory diagnostic methods.
X.
Learning outcomes:
After completion the course, student:
1. explains the mechanisms of the human body function,
2. understands integration processes and interactions between different systems,
3. performs basic ECG examinations its interpretation,
4. performs effort test, lists and explains the indications and contraindications to effort tests.
5. is able to plan physical training and choose the appropriate physical activity to age, health
conditions and lifestyle to improve overall physical fitness .
XI.
Required textbooks:
1. Rhoades RA, Bell DR, Medical Physiology, Principles for Clinical Medicine, 4th edition, Wolters
Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013
2. Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, Medical Physiology, 2nd edition, Elsevier Saunders, 2012;
3. Guyton AC, Hall JE, The Textbook of Medical Physiology, 11th edition, Elsevier Saunders, 2006;
4. Purves D. et. al., Neuroscience, 3rd edition, Sinauer, 2004