Download 4-4 War Glory and Decline (pt 2) screencast sheet

WAR, GLORY, AND DECLINE: THE PERSIAN WARS AND THE
PELOPONNESIAN WAR (PART 2)
ORIGIN OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
The Peloponnesian War was a brutal civil war fought between _________________________________
that embroiled nearly all of Greece.
The Peloponnesian War erupted out of the formation of ________________________
• The Delian League was a __________________ created by Athens after the end of the Persian Wars
• The purpose of the League was to ________________________________________________________
• All members of the League would contribute funds to equip an allied army, while Athens would
provide military leadership and the navy.
However, the Athenians soon began to _____________________ over the Delian League
• _______________, a top military and political leader in Athens, began to insist that all members of
the Delian League use __________________
• Then he demanded that all major criminal trials be held in ___________ and that all members
follow ________________ law.
• Additionally, he would send the ___________________ to settle disputes in the cities that were
members of the League
The Delian League was quickly becoming an ____________________________.
Worst of all though, may have been the misuse of Delian League funds by Athens.
• During the Persian invasion, Xerxes’ army burned Athens to the ground.
• But now, Pericles used money from the Delian League to __________________________ and
construct its most well-known work of architecture: ________________________.
Obviously, this led much of Greece grew to resent Athens.
Meanwhile _____________, who had not joined the Delian League, had created their own alliance called
the Peloponnesian League
• Those who were unhappy with Athens soon joined the side of ______________
• Sparta and Athens had always been rivals, but now Sparta was also incredibly jealous of
Athens’ wealth and success too.
The combination of Spartan jealousy and the Greek anger at Athens’ action would soon lead to _______.
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
When the Peloponnesian War began in 431 BC, many believed that ___________ could hold out and win
against _______________.
• Sparta and its allies had the much larger ___________, but Athens was _________________ and
had a larger ________________.
• Furthermore, Athens possessed an incredibly powerful ___________, while the Spartans had
__________________.
But within the first year of the war, disaster befell Athens.
• In 430 BC, ____________________________, killing 1/3 of its population
• Among the dead were __________________, the city’s top general, and his son.
• Despite this, Athens was able to fight on, due to their _____________________________.
And so the war dragged on for 26 more years
Desperate to defeat Athens, the Spartans made a deal that would turn the tide of the war.
• Sparta made an alliance with the __________________.
• Persia would furnish the Spartans with __________________________, and in return Sparta
would give _______________ to Persia upon the defeat of Athens.
With their Persian-funded navy, the Spartans turned the tide of the war, defeated the Athenian navy, and
___________________________________________.
With its people dying of starvation and disease from the siege, ____________________________________
in 404 BC, bringing the Peloponnesian War to an end.
_________________ was victorious.
THE AFTERMATH OF WAR
Sparta may have won the war, but the conflict left disastrous consequences for ___________________.
• Fighting destroyed cities, fields, and orchards, which _____________________________________
in all of Greece.
• This led to very high __________________, especially among the young male population.
• Many of these unemployed young men left Greece and moved to __________________ to
become mercenaries.
Worst of all though, is that the Greeks seem to have given up on _____________________ and instead
tried to rule _______________.
• At first, Sparta tried to rule all of Greece, until they were later challenged by ____________.
• Thebes defeated Sparta in a new civil war, and then tried to rule Greece themselves, until they too
_____________________________.
The cycle of war continued, leaving Greece ____________________________________________________
_________________________. (especially from a new rising power in the north)
Thus, even though Sparta won the war, ________________________ had lost.
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
ORIGIN OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR:
What was the Peloponnesian War?
Why did the Peloponnesian War begin?
THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR:
Which side won the Peloponnesian War?
AFTERMATH OF THE WAR:
What long term impacts did the Peloponnesian War have for all of Greece?