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Chapter 15 Organic Chemistry and the Atomic Properties of Carbon
Exam Study Guide
Learning Objectives: Students will be able to:
1.
Know the bonding characteristics of carbon that result in the formation of a large variety
of structures ranging from simple hydrocarbons to complex polymers and biological
molecules. (Sec. 15.1)
2.
Know the system for naming the ten simplest linear hydrocarbons and isomers that
contain single bonds, simple hydrocarbons with double and triple bonds, and simple
molecules that contain a benzene ring. (Sec. 15.2)
3.
Distinguish among constitutional, optical, and geometric isomers. (Sec. 15.2)
4.
Describe three types of organic reactions (addition, elimination, and substitution) and
identify each type from reactants and products. (Sec. 15.3)
5.
Identify and describe properties of four important functional groups (alcohols, amines,
carboxylic acids and esters). (Sec. 15.4)
6.
Describe how addition and condensation polymers are formed. (Sec. 15.5)
7.
Know large molecules (polymers), such as proteins, nucleic acids, and starch, are formed
by repetitive combinations of simple subunits. (Sec. 15.6)
8.
Know the R-group structure of amino acids and know how they combine to form the
polypeptide backbone structure of proteins. (Sec. 15.6)
9.
Know amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. (Sec. 15.6)
10.
Describe the role of an enzyme in a biological reaction.
Key Equations
None
Practice Problems
1.
Select the correct name for the following compound.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
1,1,3-triethyl-2-methylbutane
1,1-diethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane
2,4-diethyl-3-methylhexane
3-ethyl-4,5-dimethylheptane
None of these choices is correct.
2. Select the correct type for the following reaction.
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + HBr  CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + H2O
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
dehydration
halogenation
addition
elimination
substitution
3. The compound shown below is responsible for the odor in rancid butter. Identify the
functional group circled.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
aldehyde
ketone
alcohol
carboxylic acid
carbonyl
4. Putrescine is produced during the decay and protein breakdown of meats and is responsible
for some of the odor found in them. Identify the functional group circled.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5.
aldehyde
ketone
amide
nitrile
amine
A protein is
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6.
An amino acid is a compound that contains at least
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
7.
one amino group and one amide group.
two amino groups and one carboxylic acid group.
one hydroxyl group and one methyl group.
one carboxylic acid group and one amino group.
one methyl group and one amide group.
A peptide bond (also called an amide bond) joins two amino acids together. What atoms are
linked by this bond?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
8.
a polysaccharide.
a saturated ester of glycerol.
one of the units making up a nucleic acid.
a polymer of amino acids.
an aromatic hydrocarbon.
C—O
C—H
C—N
N—S
S—C
The primary structure of a protein refers to the unique amino acid sequence of the
polypeptide chain.
True False
9.
The general formula for alkenes is A. CnH2n+2
B. C2nH2n
C. CnHn+2
D. CnH2n
E. CnH2n-2
10. Which one of these hydrocarbons does not have isomers? A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
C7H16
C6H14
C5H10
C4H8
C3H8
11. The alkane with six carbon atoms is called A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
butane.
hexane.
heptane.
butene.
none of these.
12. The name for the compound with the formula CH3CH2CH2CH2OH is A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
propanol.
propane.
butanol.
pentane.
pentanol.
13. The reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid yields A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
a hydrocarbon.
an ester.
an ether.
an aldehyde.
a ketone.
14. Which of these molecules is unsaturated? A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
15.
C3H8
CH3OH
C5H10
CH4
C4H10
The simplest unit of a polymer is called a _______ .
A. simpler
B. monomer
C. unimer
D. unit
Answers
1.
D
2.
E
3.
D
4.
E
5.
D
6.
D
7.
C
8.
True
9.
D
10.
E
11.
B
12.
C
13.
B
14.
C
15.
B