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The Skeletal System
The skeletal system is made up of all the bones of the body. The skeletal system
has five functions during physical activity that you need to know.
1) Movement: along with muscles, they help us move our body.
2) Shape: the general nature of our bones gives us our shape – Mr Yates has
some very long bones making him tall. Dilawar has some very small bones,
making him a midget.
3) Support: they provide a frame for our muscles to attach to.
4) Protection: bones help to protect the vital organs from damage.
5) Production of Blood Cells: bones are where the body produces red and
white blood cells.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
The Skeletal System
In order to understand these functions you need to know the different bone types and
know some specific bones.
There are four different types of bones in the human body:
1) Long bones – these are lengthy bones mostly found in our limbs (arms and
legs). They help provide movement.
2) Short bones – these are small bones that produce little movement and
main function is to provide support (examples include the wrist and foot
bones)
3) Irregular bones – these are weirdly shaped bones that do not fit into any
other category.
4) Flat (plate) bones – these are strong, flat plates of bone which often
provide a protective layer for vital organs or are where muscles attach.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
Head bones
1. CRANIUM
TYPE: Flat
•The cranium is more
commonly known as the
skull.
•Its main function is to
protect the brain from
any damage.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
Upper Body
bones
1. RIBS
TYPE: Long
•The ribs form a cage and
protect a number of body
organs including the
lungs.
2. STERNUM
TYPE: Flat
•The sternum is flat bone that sits on the front of the ribs in the middle of your
chest.
•It adds extra protection for your heart muscle.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
Arm bones
1. HUMERUS
TYPE: Long
•The humerus is the only bone in the upper
arm.
•Its main function is to help with movement of
the entire arm limb but it also provides support
for the biceps and triceps muscles.
2. ULNA & RADIUS
TYPE: Long
•The ulna and radius attach to the wrist and
elbow, forming our lower arm.
•Their main function is to help with movement
of the lower arm.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
Hip bones
1. PELVIS
TYPE: Flat
•The pelvis is also known
as the hip bone.
•It provides protection for
reproductive organs but
also provide support for
muscles such as the gluteus
maximus.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
Leg bones
1. FEMUR
TYPE: Long
•The femur is the large bone in the upper leg.
•Its main function is to help with movement of the legs but it
also provides support for muscles such as the quadriceps and
hamstrings.
2. TIBIA & FIBULA
TYPE: Long
•The tibia (slightly bigger) and fibula make up the lower leg.
•Their main function is to help with movement of the lower leg
and feet but they also provides support for the gastrocnemius
muscle.
3. PATELLA
TYPE: Irregular
•The patella is also known as the knee cap.
•It provides protection for the knee joint from injury.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)
Back bones
1. VERTEBRAE
TYPE: Irregular
•The vertebrae are small,
irregular bones that make
up the spinal column.
•They help provide
movement in the back,
whilst also shaping the
body.
(GCSE PE: Unit 1.2.2)