Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Digestive System • Function- convert foods into simpler substances that can be used by cells. Digestion Breaking food particles down into simple substances that cells can used by cells Mechanical • Moistening and breaking food particles into smaller pieces Chemical • Breaking down chemicals within food into simpler substances – Proteins amino acids – Fats lipids – Carbs • Polysachararides /starches monosacharrides / sugars (glucose) Digestive Enzymes • Mouth • Salivary Amylase- carbs • Stomach • Pepsin (proteins) • Small Intestine (from Pancreas) • Amylase- carbs • Trypsin- proteins • Lipase- fats • Small Intestine • Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase- carbs • Peptidase- proteins ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. Accessory organs: food DOES NOT pass through. Includes tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, & pancreas 2. Digestive tract: food DOES pass through. Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC Mouth • Mechanical Digestion – Chewing – Moistening (saliva) • Chemical Digestion – Salivary Amylase • Enzyme breaks down carbs Esophagus • Epiglottis covers trachea (windpipe) and forces food into esophagus • Tube that leads from throat to stomach (lined with smooth muscle) – Peristalsis- wavelike muscular contraction that helps “push” food downward. Stomache • Mechanical Digestion- HCl helps “liquefy” foods and churning motion also breaks food into smaller pieces – Food is now chyme • Chemical Digestion – Pepsin (breaks down Proteins) Liver • Produces Bile– Bile is a substance that acts as a detergent and breaks down fat molecules • Bile is stored in gall bladder and then released into the small intestine • Has over 500 other critical functions – Mainly breaking down toxins And “purifying” blood Gall Bladder • Stores Bile that is made by liver – Releases bile Into small intestine Pancreas • Produces many digestive enzymes – These enzymes are released into the small intestine – Also produces base • Alkaline substance That neutralizes stomach Acid in small intestines Small Intestine • Name refers to diameter, is actually much longer than large intestine • 6 meters long – Almost 20 feet! • 3 Parts – Duodenum-chemical digestion – Jejenum-chemical digestion & nutrient absorbtion – Ileum- nutrient absorbtion Nutrient Absorption in Small Intestine • takes place in jejenum and ileum • Chyme is now well digested and rich in nutrients • Folded surfaces are covered with fingerlike projections called villi – Villi have are intervened with capillaries from circulatory system – Nutrients are absorbed into bloodstream Large Intestine (Colon) • Water absorption • Production of vitamin K – Accomplished by bacterial cells in digestive tract