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Scatology
Scatology
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Study of output
Also called coprology
From what comes out you get a pretty
good idea of what when in!!!!!
Allusion in Music
Beethoven and Mozart
a)
b)
Weber and Beethoven
a)
b)
Stravinsky and Lithuania
a)
b)
Stravinsky and Lithuania II
a)
b)
Bruckner and Schubert
a)
b)
Beethoven, Schumann, Liszt,
Spohr, and Wagner
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
Beethoven and Mozart II
a)
b)
Mahler and Handel
a)
b)
Beethoven and Handel
a)
b)
Various composers over time
Ur-motive over 200 years
Berlioz and Haydn
a)
b)
Interesting tune
Source
Chopin’s variation technique
a)
b)
( )
( )
Algorithmic composition
Beethoven
Mozart sources for algo. ex.
Sorcerer output example
BO1
BE1
BE2
BA1
BA2
S1
C1
BA3
BA4
What can allusions mean?
Bach’s fugue 4
Bach’s hidden motive
Mendelssohn/Wagner/Mahler
a)
b)
c)
Haydn/Beethoven/Mahler
Finding musical allusions
target work
user
pattern match
source music
allusions
Intervals work best
Incremental works best
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
Rhythm matching
a)
b)
Finding allusions
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Locating repeating patterns
Pattern matching a staple of artificial
intelligence
Often called pattern recognition
Origins in set theory in mathematics
Finding patterns in math can be quite
different than finding them in music.
Pattern Matching code
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No user-given pattern
Segmentation (incremental)
Controllers (variables)
Too wide: noise
Types of variations?
Too narrow: no patterns
Self-adjusting??
Types of variations
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Transposition
Inversion
Retrograde
Inversion-retrograde
Interpolated notes
Excised notes
Equivalent sets
Set Theory
Pattern matching for
contemporary music.
Note that many musical/math set
processes do not have
corresponding counterparts!
Mathematical set theory
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Set: {45,15,17}
Curly brackets
Typically unordered
Mathematical set theory
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



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
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is an element of
is not an element of
is a proper subset of
is a subset of
is not a subset of
the empty set; a set with no elements
union
intersection
Mathematics and Sets
Example of a set proof:
A  (B  C) = (A  B)  (A  C)
Venn Diagrams help!
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Musical set theory
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Set: [9,3,5]
Brackets
Ordered or unordered
Modulo 12 (pitch classes)
Ordered version of above: [9,3,5]
Normal (unordered/smallest) version of above
[3,5,9]
Prime version (unordered/invertible) of above
[0,2,6]
Music and Sets
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The same set
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[0,3,7]
[0,3,7]
[0,3,7]
The same set
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[0,1,3,6,8,9]
Cellular automata
Cellular automata
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An example rule set
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8 possible ways to set upper patterns (23)
256 possible rule sets (28)
Follows Steven Wolfram’s model in a New
Kind of Science (NKS)
Sequence of steps
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Time downward (one dimensional?)
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Rule 30
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Rule 90
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Rule 110
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andpicture.
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In color
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Rule 30
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Rule 110
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More about
A New Kind of Science
Conway’s Game of Life
Conway’s Life Rules
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1.Any live cell with fewer than two live neighbors dies, as if by
loneliness.
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2.Any live cell with more than three live neighbors dies, as if by
overcrowding.
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3.Any live cell with two or three live neighbors lives, unchanged, to
the next generation.
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4.Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors comes to life.
Many different patterns
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Gosper Glider Gun
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Diehard
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Acorn
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Game of Life
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Many available programs
Both on site and downloadable
Thousands of named figures
Many that refigure infinitely
Called two dimensional
Growth and Diminishment
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Genetic Algorithms
Genetic Algorithms
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Definition
a computer simulation in which a population of abstract representations
(called chromosomes, genotype, or genome) of candidate solutions (called
individuals, creatures, or phenotypes) to an optimization problem evolves
toward better solutions.
Basics
A genetic representation of the solution domain,
A fitness function to evaluate the solution domain.
Along the way
crossover and mutation
Until
a solution is found that satisfies minimum criteria
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Genotype and Phenotype
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Karl Sims
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Evolved Virtual Creatures
Not an animation
Evolved objects in motion
Encased in various media (water, air, etc.)
With gravity
Evolved Virtual Creatures
Object Oriented Programming
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Called OOP
Paradigm change from FP (functional
programming)
Classes
Instances
Methods
Inheritance
Encapsulation
Abstraction
Polymorphism
GoF
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Gang of Four
Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph
Johnson, and John Vlissides
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable
Object-Oriented Software
Now in its 36th printing
23 classic software design patterns
CLOS
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Common Lisp Object System
(defclass “name” (inheritance [superclasses])
(defmethod
GUI (menus, windows, buttons, etc.)
Platform and program dependent
Bits and Pieces
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mapcar
(mapcar #'first '((a 1)(b 2))) = (A B)
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Loop
(loop for event in ‘((0 60 1000 1 127)(1000 62 1000 1
127))
collect (second event))
= (60 62)
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setf (simple object system)
? (setq x 'b)
B
? (setf (get 'color x) 'blue)
BLUE
? (get 'color x)
BLUE
Assignment
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Read Chapter 4 of CMMC
Begin work in earnest on your final project
Get all past homework in or else!!
Enjoy life, you only get so much time.