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River Valley Civilizations Rome Museum Entrance Egypt Greece Indus River Valley Mesopotamia Curators Office Marisha, Raven, Devyn Marisha I’m a Black American And I Like getting the job done. Raven Lewis, I am African American, and I like to be successful at everything. Devyn ,I like to sing and have fun. Return to Entry Mesopotamia Room 1 Return to Entry Indus river Valley Room 2 Return to Entry Egypt Room 3 Return to Entry Rome Room 4 Return to Entry [Room 5] Room Room 5 Artifact 18 Artifact 17 Artifact 19 Artifact 21 Return to Entry Artifact 20 [Room 6] Room Room 4 Artifact 13 Artifact 14 Artifact 15 Return to Entry Artifact 16 Cities Cities: beginning around 4000 B.C. as populations increased on southern Mesopotamia, the Sumerians built the worlds first cities. “Theme Civilization”. ocean.otr.usm.2008.n.d.web.5 Oct.2008. Return to Exhibit Specialization Specialization: • Mesopotamia did engraving. •They also had a potters wheel from Uruk. Abundant food supplies and cities as population centers allowed some people to perform tasks not associated with agriculture. •People expanded into the areas of pottery, textile manufacture, woodworking, leather production, brick making stone cutting and masonry. Return to Exhibit “Theme Civilization”. ocean.otr.usm.2008.n.d.web.5 Oct.2008. Record keeping Record Keeping: they used pictographic record keeping. Return to Exhibit Norman, Jeremy. “Cave painting to the internet". Cave Painting.200-42011. web.5 October.2011. “Mohenjo-Daro and the sunken city off India's coast.” disclose.tv.n.d.web.5 Oct 2011. Technology •Technology: first use of wheels occurred around 3500 B.C. •Sumerians were building carts around 3000 B.C. •The wheel increased the mobility of society and allowed heavy loads to be moved over great distances. Return to Exhibit “Theme Civilization”. ocean.otr.usm.2008.n.d.web.5 Oct.2008. Complex institutions •“Polytheism” The ancient Mesopotamians worshipped hundreds of gods, each with his/her own name and sphere of activity. Every city had its own patron god or goddess, and there were also deities connected with various professions such as scribes and builders. Individual people also had their own personal god who protected them and interceded for them with the great deities. Return to Exhibit “New World Encyclopedia”. Creative commons .License. September 2008.5 Oct 2011 Map of Mesopotamia Tigris and Euphrates rivers are in Southwest Asia - they start in mountains of today’s Turkey, Kurdistan - flows southeast through today’s Iraq to Persian Gulf rivers provided water and a means for travel -The areas had few roads so boats carried heavy loads on river currents. ‘‘Geography of Mesopotamia.’’.eduplace.n.d.web.5 0ct 2011. Return to ExhibitRoom 1 Cities Cities: Mohenjo – Daro Cities :Harappa Civilization first developed in the Indus river valley in present day Pakistan. Harappa a neighboring city 350 miles away from Mohenjo – Daro. Return to Exhibit ‘’The unlocking the secretes of Monhenjo Daro.’’ Mitchelteachers.2007.web.2oct 2011 Specialization •BRAHMINS: Priest, scholars, and teachers. Jawaharlal Nehru: first prime minister of the India's. •KSAHATRIYAS: warriors and rulers. • VAISHYAS: traders •SUDRAS: manual workers and servants. •DALITS: formally known's as the untouchables: Dalits perform unpleasant jobs like cleaning or leather tanning's with changes in India some Dalits are now becoming entrepreneurs or getting jobs in high tech. “Specialization of Labor Indus River Valley.”wikispaces.2011.web.28 Sept 2011. Return to Exhibit Technology The Indus Valley people are well-known for their beadmaking skills. Different materials were used to make beads, such as carnelian, bone and ivory. Beads of many different shapes and sizes have been found at all the major Indus Valley sites. “Technology of Indus civilization.” slideshare. 2011.web.5 0ct 2011. Return to Exhibit Complex institutions he Indus Valley Culture appears to have had a primitive religious system. In addition to a mother goddess representing fertility, it is suggested that they also worshiped animals to some degree. One such figure is a seal sitting in a yoga-like position and is thought to be an early representation of a Hindu god. It is difficult to find any names for the gods of the ancient Indus Valley. It seems that when their civilization died, so did their gods. What a contrast this is to Christianity. “Indus Valley Planned Cities.’’ Allabouthistory. 2002-2011.web.4 0ct 2011. Return to Exhibit Record keeping Developed a written language of pictograms. They used Indus scripts. Return to Exhibit “Start of Civilization.icsd.k12.ny.us.n.d.web.5 0ct 2011. Map of Indus river Valley Geographically, the civilization was spread over an area of some 1,260,000 km², making it the largest ancient civilization in the world. The geography of the Indus Valley put the civilizations that arose there in a highly similar situation with rich agricultural lands being surrounded by highlands, desert, and ocean. “Historical chronology.” fortunecity. n.d.web.5 Oct 2011. “The River Valley Civilization.” slideshare. 2011.web.5 0ct 2011. Return to Exhibit Record keeping Accurate record keeping was needed for tax purposes. Scribes were therefore of central importance to the government of the Pharaohs. Scribes could rise to positions of great authority because they could read and write. “Ancient Egyptian Stone .”n.d. theglobaleducationproject.web .6 Oct 2011. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Complex Institutions The ancient Egyptians possessed a complex and intricate religion. -The ancient Egyptians were polytheists so they had hundreds of gods. , including their pharaohs, all of whom were believed to be gods in the form of men. The main gods that they worshipped were Amon-Re, Osiris, Set, and Isis. -Mummification was very important due to their belief in the afterlife -The downfall of the Egyptian religion occurred once the Romans took over and Christianity began to spread. The Egyptians were also animists. They believed the gods personified. Forces in nature, such as wind, water, rain, and fire. Most of their gods were represented as half animal, half person. “Ancient Egyptian Stone .”n.d. theglobaleducationproject.web .6 Oct 2011. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit Technology The purpose in presenting these materials on ancient Egyptian stone technology is to, without prejudice to any particular possibility, encourage the scientific process in uncovering the truth about the skills of the ancient builders . The builders in ancient Egypt shaped many kinds of stone with consummate mastery. They were adept with the use of a variety of tools for manufacturing house wares, building stone and statuary; tube drills, straight saws, circular saws, lathes, and polishers. The marks left in the stone by these tools are the only available reliable source of information about these tools and how they were used. “Ancient Egyptian Stone Technology.” theglobaleducationproject.n.d.web. 2 Oct 2011. Return to Exhibit Map of Egypt The ancient Egyptians thought of Egypt as being divided into two types of land, the 'black land' and the 'red land'. he 'black land' was the fertile land on the banks of the Nile. The ancient Egyptians used this land for growing their crops. This was the only land in ancient Egypt that could be farmed because a layer of rich, black silt was deposited there every year after the Nile flooded. Return to Exhibit “Geography.” Ancient Egypt. n.d.web. 2 0ct 2011. “Map of Egypt.”conservativeamerican.n.d. web.2 0ct 2011. Cities Ancient Rome was the largest city in the then known world. It is thought that Rome’s population was over 1 million people when the city was at the height of its power. From Rome, the heart of government beat; military decisions were taken and the vast wealth Rome earned was invested in a series of magnificent buildings. To start with, many buildings in Rome were built around the forum. Traditionally, this had been a market place and an area where people met. Therefore, it would have been a natural place to put government buildings, temples and palaces. As Rome grew, however, the forum became more and more crowded. Therefore, a second city centre was planned and built some distance from the forum but still in Rome itself. http://www.historylearningsite.co.u k/ancient_rome.htm Return to Exhibit Complex institutions very important role in the daily life of Ancient Rome and the Romans. Roman religion was centered around gods and explanations for events usually involved the gods in some way or another. The Romans believed that gods controlled their lives and, as a result, spent a great deal of their time worshipping them. Return to Exhibit Record keeping The most important god was The history of Roman numerals follows the history of ancient Rome itself, from its beginnings at the Latin Palatine Hill in 8th and 9th century B.C. to it's fall in the 2nd Century AD from civil war, plague, civil apathy and the rise of Christianity and northern European powers. Return to Entrance •Ancient Roman Priests - The Pontiffs and the Pontifex Maximus •Ancient Roman Priests - The Augurs •Ancient Roman Priests - The Quindecemviri Keepers of the Sibylline Books •Ancient Roman Priests - The Septemviri Epulones •Ancient Roman Priests - Flamen or Flamines •Ancient Roman Priestesses - The Vestal Virgins •Roman Priests - The Salii, Luperci, Feciales,and Curiones Roman priests were called pontiffs and flamens. The pontiffs enjoyed great privileges and were generally men of rank. These Roman priests were also extremely powerful. There were four great religious corporations of Roman priests who were members of a Collegium. A collegium was a board of magistrates or priests. The four great priestly colleges were the pontifices, septemviri epulones, quindecemviri sacris faciundis, and augurs. They were in order of importance: •Pontifices (also known as College of Pontiffs), headed by the Pontifex maximus •Augures •Facts and information about Roman Priests and Religion •Quindecemviri sacris faciundis •Septemviri Epulones A flamen (pl. flamines) was the name given to a Roman priest assigned to a state-supported god or goddess who was a member of the College of specialization Linked citation goes here Return to Entrance Back Wall Artifact Text goes here. Linked citation goes here Return to Exhibit