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Movement Analysis
of the Knee Joint
Throughout a Soccer Kick
Kara McLaughlin
4/18/2013
Anterior agonist muscles of the knee joint
Muscle
Rectus femoris
Vastus
intermedius
Vastus lateralis
(externus)
Vastus medialis
(internus)
Origin
Anterior inferior
iliac spine of the
ilium and groove
(posterior)
above the
acetabulum
Upper 2/3 of
anterior surface
of femur
Insertion
Superior aspect
of the patella
and patellar
tendon to tibial
tuberosity
Upper border of
the patella
patellar tendon
to tibial
tuberosity
Intertrochanteric Lateral border of
line, anterior and the patella and
inferior borders
patellar tendon
of the greater
to tibial
trochanter,
tuberosity
gluteal
tuberosity,
upper half of the
linea aspera, and
entire lateral
intermuscular
septum
Whole length of Medial half of
linea aspera and upper border of
medial condyloid patella and
ridge
patellar tendon
to tibial
tuberosity
Action
Extension of the
knee; Flexion of
the knee;
Anterior pelvic
rotation
Innervation
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
Extension of the
knee
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
Extension of the
knee
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
Extension of the
knee
Femoral nerve
(L2-L4)
Posterior agonist muscles of the knee joint
Muscle
Biceps femoris
Origin
Long head:
ischial
tuberosity. Short
head: lower half
of the linea
aspera, and
lateral condyloid
ridge
Popliteus
Insertion
Head of the
fibula and lateral
condyle of the
tibia
Posterios
surface of lateral
condyle of
femur
Semimembranosus Ischial
tuberosity
Upper posterior
medial surface
of tibia
Semitendinosus
Upper anterior
medial surface
of the tibia just
below the
condyle
Ischial
tuberosity
Posteromedial
surface of the
medial tibial
condyle
Action
Flexion of the
knee; Extension
of the hip;
Posterior pelvic
rotation;
External
rotation of the
knee; External
rotation of the
hip
Internal rotation
of the knee as it
flexes; Flexion of
the knee
Extension of the
hip; Flexion of
the knee;
Posterior pelvic
rotation;
Internal rotation
of the hip;
Internal rotation
of the knee
Extension of the
hip; Flexion of
the knee;
Posterior pelvic
rotation;
Internal rotation
of the hip;
Internal rotation
of the knee
Innervation
Long head:
sciatic nervetibial division
(S1-S3) Short
head: sciatic
nerve- peroneal
division (L5, S1,
S2)
Tibial nerve (L5,
S1)
Sciatic nervetibial division
(L5, S1, S2)
Sciatic nervetibial division
(L5, S1, S2)
Preparatory Phase
The preparatory phase is often referred to as the cocking or wind-up stage. It is used to
lengthen the appropriate muscles so that they will be in position to generate more force and
momentum when they concentrically contract in the next phase, or movement phase. This is
easily the most critical phase in leading toward the desired result of the activity.
During this phase, the knee moves into flexion using the hamstrings. To be more
specific, flexion of the knee involves the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and the
semitendinosus. The little popliteus muscle is also used to help move the knee into flexion.
These muscles would be considered agonist at this time. The antagonist muscles include the
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and the vastus medialis. From flexion, the
knee moves into extension using the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and
vastus medialis. The antagonist muscles during extension include the hamstring muscles and
the popliteus. During both flexion and extension, the muscles involved are occurring in the
sagittal plane.
Movement Phase
The movement phase is sometimes referred to as the acceleration, action, motion, or
contract stage. The summation of force is generated directly to the ball, sport-object, or
opponent. It is usually characterized by near maximal concentric activity in the involved
muscles.
Throughout this phase, the knee joint continues from extension in the sagittal plane on
the posterior side of the body to the kicking stage. The knee joint continues in extension as it
moves to the anterior side of the body. The extensor muscles include the rectus femoris, vastus
intermedius, vastus lateralis, and the vastus medialis. The quad muscles would still be
considered the agonist muscles, while the hamstrings and popliteus are the agonists. This
process occurs in the sagittal plane as well.
Follow-Through Phase
This occurs when the ball makes contact with the kicker’s foot. During this stage, the
quadriceps are working at high levels eccentrically to reduce distraction forces at the knee. The
knee moves from extension until the cross-body motion occurs.
Training
1.) Squat- flexion/extension; agonist muscles  rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, vastus lateralis; antagonist muscles rectus femoris, vastus medialis,
vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis.
2.) Dead Lift- extension/flexion; agonists  rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, vastus lateralis; antagonists  (eccentric concentration) rectus femoris,
vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis.
3.) Leg Lifter- extension/flexion; agonists  rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, vastus lateralis; antagonists  biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimembranosus.
4.) Rowing Exercise- extension/flexion; agonists  rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus
intermedius, vastus lateralis; antagonists  biceps femoris, semitendinosus,
semimembranosus.
Bibliography
Floyd R.T. Manual of Structural Kinesiology. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Co; 2012
Stanten M. The Best and Worst Exercises for the Knee. Prevention. 2013. Available at
http://www.active.com/fitness/Articles/The_Best_and_Worst_Exercises_for_Ba. Accessed April
14, 2013.
Zelmen H.. An Analysis of a Soccer Kick. MIT Libraries. 2006. Available at
http://www.unc.edu/~ncrani/kicking1.htm. Accessed April 14, 2013.
Shan G. Coaches Info. Know-How of Maximal Instep Kick in Soccer. 2005. Available at
http://www.coachesinfo.com/index.php?option=com_content&id=10313&Itemid=143.
Accessed April 14, 2013.