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World War II 1939-1945 Major Dates •September 1, 1939 •Germany invades Poland – Start of War •September 3, 1939 •Britain and France declare war on Germany •December 7, 1941 •Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – USA enters war •May 1945 •Germany Surrenders •September 1945 •Japan Surrenders Who Allies Great Britain • Churchill U.S.A. • F.D.R. and Truman USSR • Stalin France • Surrendered to Germany1940 Axis Germany • Hitler Italy • Mussolini Japan • Tojo Why World War II ? 1. Treaty of Versailles • land lost • Reparations • Germany becomes bankrupt 2. World Wide Depression • Germany’s debt increases • scapegoats are created 3. Rise of Totalitarian Regions • Fascism (Spain, Germany, Italy) • Communism (USSR) • Military Dictatorship (Japan) Why World War II ? 4. Isolationism • U.S.A. • Great Depression • Perceptions of World War I • Pacifism • Appeasement • Began with Japan Manchuria • Italy Ethiopia (Haile Salessie) • League of Nations=Sanctions • Germany Sudetenland • Munich Conference What About Hitler ? •Weimer Republic •thought to be decadent and weak •Great Depression •provided solutions •scapegoats •Kristalhacht •Fascism (military government based on racism and nationalism with strong support of business) What About Hitler ? Continued… •Hitler Wanted •Lebensraum (Return Germany) •Annexed Austria – 1938 •Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) •Munich Conference (appeasement) •Nonaggression Pact/Nazi-Soviet Pact •with USSR – gets half of Poland World War II German Aggression Spanish Civil War •1936–Nationalists vs. Republicans (Fascists) (Communists) •Guerica (Spanish City) •(Practice for Germany) Luftwaffe •terror bombing •1,654 people killed •Francisco Franco becomes leader of Spain Anti Commintern Pact •1936 – Germany and Japan fight Communism Nazi-Soviet Pact - 1939 •Nonaggression Pact – split Poland •Germany – Fascists (extreme nationalism) •USSR – Communism (international change and classless society) •Shocked Europe •Hitler used communism as excuse: •Build up military •Enter Rhinland •Anticommintern Pact World War II Begins 1. September 1, 1939 – Germany attacks Poland • Blitzkrieg • 1st planes = panic • 2nd tanks • 3rd foot soldiers 2. 1940 • Germany goes through: • Denmark • Norway • Netherlands • Belgium World War II Begins Continued… 3. Germany attacks France through mountains • Dunkirk 300,000 rescued • June 22, 1940 – France Surrenders • Vichy Government established Germany Puppet 4. Battle of Britain • August – October 1940 • Goal = destroy Britain’s air force • “London Blitz” • New technology saved Britain • Failure called off in 1941 World War II Begins Continued… 5. Hitler went after USSR • “Operation Babarossa” • June 1941 – USSR attacked • 3 million German troops • USSR was no match • Germans couldn’t withstand the Russian winter World War II Allies Respond U.S.A. Reaction • Neutrality Acts •Forbade sale of arms with any country at war • Pacifism •Opposition to all war • Land – Lease Act •Gave aid to Allies • Atlantic Charter •Issued by FDR and Churchill •Set goals for war Japan Attacks – December 7, 1941 •Why? •U.S.A. banned sale of oil because of Japan’s aggressive behavior towards Indo China •December 8, 1941 •U.S.A. declares war on Japan • December 11, 1941 • Germany, Italy, and Japan declare war on U.S.A. Battle of the Atlantic • Why? supplies Major Battles • Coral Sea May 1942 = North East coast of Australia U.S.A. stops Japan’s advancement • Midway June 1942 – island in the middle of the Pacific America’s Military Base U.S. broke Japan’s code U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers Battle of the Atlantic Continued… •Guadalcanal August 1942 - February 1943 = Solomon Islands Island hopping (capture weak targets) Allies captured Solomon, Gilbert, Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands •Leyte Gulf October 1944 = Allies win Philippines Battle in Africa • Suez Canal = oil supplies from Middle East • El Alamein = Egypt 1940-1943 Allies win because Italy was weak and Germans lacked supplies moved north to Italy U.S.S.R. •Siege of Leningrad German blockaded 1 million Soviets starved •Stalingrad = Volga River = 1942 City produced weapons Ports shipped grain and oil Stalin “hold at all coasts” Germans defeated and surrounded by Soviets Beginning of German failure World War II End of World War II War Ends in Europe • 1943 = Stalingrad Soviets push back Germans • June 6, 1944 = D-Day Allies invaded France Secured Normandy Beach •December 1944 = Battle of Bulge German counterattacked in Belgium Pushed back Allies (“Bulge”) January 1945 = Allies win Allies race to Berlin Soviets get there in April War Ends in Europe Continued… • April 28, 1945 Mussolini was executed by his people (Italians) • May 2, 1945 Hitler found dead • May 7, 1945 V-E Day (Victory in Europe) Allies win war over in Europe War Ends in the Pacific • February 1945 = Iwo Jima 750 miles south of Japan 7,000 Americans dead 20,000 Japanese dead Month long battle • Battle of Okinawa 350 miles from Japan 12,000 Americans dead 100,000 Japanese dead • Atomic Bomb Used energy by splitting atoms Began in 1939 – tested July 1945 War Ends in the Pacific Continued… • May 1945 => FDR dies (Truman takes his place) • July 26, 1945 => Allies demand that Japan surrenders • August 6, 1945 => Hiroshima is bombed • August 9, 1945 => Nagasaki is bombed • August 15, 1945 => V-J Day (Victory over Japan) • World War II now over in the Pacific Effects of World War II • Atlantic Charter July 1941 => FDR and Churchill Goals for war and peace • Tehran, Iran November 1943 => FDR, Churchill, and Stalin Planned D-Day and future peace • Yalta Conference Goal = Postwar Europe Created United Nations • June 1945 => United Nations charter signed • June 1945 => Potsdam Conference • U.S.A. and USSR become world powers • Conflict = Cold War