Download World War II Notes

World War II
1939-1945
Major Dates
•September 1, 1939
•Germany invades Poland – Start of War
•September 3, 1939
•Britain and France declare war on Germany
•December 7, 1941
•Japan bombs Pearl Harbor – USA enters war
•May 1945
•Germany Surrenders
•September 1945
•Japan Surrenders
Who
Allies
Great Britain
•
Churchill
U.S.A.
•
F.D.R. and Truman
USSR
•
Stalin
France
•
Surrendered to Germany1940
Axis
Germany
•
Hitler
Italy
•
Mussolini
Japan
•
Tojo
Why World War II ?
1. Treaty of Versailles
• land lost
• Reparations
• Germany becomes bankrupt
2. World Wide Depression
• Germany’s debt increases
• scapegoats are created
3. Rise of Totalitarian Regions
• Fascism (Spain, Germany, Italy)
• Communism (USSR)
• Military Dictatorship (Japan)
Why World War II ?
4. Isolationism
• U.S.A.
• Great Depression
• Perceptions of World War I
• Pacifism
• Appeasement
• Began with Japan
Manchuria
• Italy
Ethiopia (Haile Salessie)
• League of Nations=Sanctions
• Germany
Sudetenland
• Munich Conference
What About Hitler ?
•Weimer Republic
•thought to be decadent and weak
•Great Depression
•provided solutions
•scapegoats
•Kristalhacht
•Fascism (military government based on racism
and nationalism with strong support of business)
What About Hitler ?
Continued…
•Hitler Wanted
•Lebensraum (Return Germany)
•Annexed Austria – 1938
•Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)
•Munich Conference (appeasement)
•Nonaggression Pact/Nazi-Soviet Pact
•with USSR – gets half of Poland
World War II
German Aggression
Spanish Civil War
•1936–Nationalists vs. Republicans
(Fascists)
(Communists)
•Guerica (Spanish City)
•(Practice for Germany)
Luftwaffe
•terror bombing
•1,654 people killed
•Francisco Franco becomes leader of Spain
Anti Commintern Pact
•1936 – Germany and Japan fight Communism
Nazi-Soviet Pact - 1939
•Nonaggression Pact – split Poland
•Germany – Fascists (extreme nationalism)
•USSR – Communism (international change and
classless society)
•Shocked Europe
•Hitler used communism as excuse:
•Build up military
•Enter Rhinland
•Anticommintern Pact
World War II Begins
1. September 1, 1939 – Germany attacks Poland
• Blitzkrieg
• 1st planes = panic
• 2nd tanks
• 3rd foot soldiers
2. 1940
• Germany goes through:
• Denmark
• Norway
• Netherlands
• Belgium
World War II Begins
Continued…
3. Germany attacks France through mountains
• Dunkirk
300,000 rescued
• June 22, 1940 – France Surrenders
• Vichy Government established
Germany Puppet
4. Battle of Britain
• August – October 1940
• Goal = destroy Britain’s air force
• “London Blitz”
• New technology saved Britain
• Failure
called off in 1941
World War II Begins
Continued…
5. Hitler went after USSR
• “Operation Babarossa”
• June 1941 – USSR attacked
• 3 million German troops
• USSR was no match
• Germans couldn’t withstand the Russian
winter
World War II
Allies Respond
U.S.A. Reaction
• Neutrality Acts
•Forbade sale of arms with any country at war
• Pacifism
•Opposition to all war
• Land – Lease Act
•Gave aid to Allies
• Atlantic Charter
•Issued by FDR and Churchill
•Set goals for war
Japan Attacks –
December 7, 1941
•Why?
•U.S.A. banned sale of oil because of Japan’s
aggressive behavior towards Indo China
•December 8, 1941
•U.S.A. declares war on Japan
• December 11, 1941
• Germany, Italy, and Japan declare war on
U.S.A.
Battle of the Atlantic
• Why?
 supplies
 Major Battles
• Coral Sea
 May 1942 = North East coast of Australia
 U.S.A. stops Japan’s advancement
• Midway
 June 1942 – island in the middle of the
Pacific
 America’s Military Base
U.S. broke
Japan’s code
 U.S. destroyed 4 Japanese carriers
Battle of the Atlantic
Continued…
•Guadalcanal
August 1942 - February 1943 = Solomon
Islands
Island hopping (capture weak targets)
Allies captured Solomon, Gilbert,
Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands
•Leyte Gulf
October 1944 = Allies win Philippines
Battle in Africa
• Suez Canal = oil supplies from Middle East
• El Alamein = Egypt 1940-1943
Allies win because Italy was weak and Germans
lacked supplies
moved north to Italy
U.S.S.R.
•Siege of Leningrad
German blockaded
1 million Soviets starved
•Stalingrad = Volga River = 1942
City produced weapons
Ports shipped grain and oil
Stalin “hold at all coasts”
Germans defeated and surrounded by Soviets
Beginning of German failure
World War II
End of World War II
War Ends in Europe
• 1943 = Stalingrad
Soviets push back Germans
• June 6, 1944 = D-Day
Allies invaded France
Secured Normandy Beach
•December 1944 = Battle of Bulge
German counterattacked in Belgium
Pushed back Allies (“Bulge”)
January 1945 = Allies win
Allies race to Berlin
Soviets get there in April
War Ends in Europe
Continued…
• April 28, 1945
Mussolini was executed by his people (Italians)
• May 2, 1945
Hitler found dead
• May 7, 1945
V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
Allies win war over in Europe
War Ends in the Pacific
• February 1945 = Iwo Jima
750 miles south of Japan
7,000 Americans dead
20,000 Japanese dead
Month long battle
• Battle of Okinawa
350 miles from Japan
12,000 Americans dead
100,000 Japanese dead
• Atomic Bomb
Used energy by splitting atoms
Began in 1939 – tested July 1945
War Ends in the Pacific
Continued…
• May 1945 => FDR dies (Truman takes his place)
• July 26, 1945 => Allies demand that Japan surrenders
• August 6, 1945 => Hiroshima is bombed
• August 9, 1945 => Nagasaki is bombed
• August 15, 1945 => V-J Day (Victory over Japan)
• World War II now over in the Pacific
Effects of World War II
• Atlantic Charter
July 1941 => FDR and Churchill
Goals for war and peace
• Tehran, Iran
November 1943 => FDR, Churchill, and Stalin
Planned D-Day and future peace
• Yalta Conference
Goal = Postwar Europe
Created United Nations
• June 1945 => United Nations charter signed
• June 1945 => Potsdam Conference
• U.S.A. and USSR become world powers
• Conflict = Cold War