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Unit 1.1 Biomolecules
For the following questions, refer to your Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins notes as well as the ATP
article:
1. Students were asked to identify a set of substances that contains ONLY molecules assembled
from smaller organic compounds.
Student A said “DNA, fats and starches”
Student B said “Proteins, water and fats”
A. Determine which student is correct Student A is correct
B. Identify WHY that student is correct Student is A is correct because DNA is made up
of nucleic acids, which are smaller organic compounds, fats are made of fatty acids,
which are small organic compounds and starches are carbohydrates that consist of
monosaccharides, also an organic compound.
C. Identify WHY the other student is incorrect Student B is incorrect because proteins
ARE made of amino acids (small organic compounds) and fats are made of fatty
acids (small organic compounds) BUT water is NOT an organic compound because it
does not contain carbon
2. In the equation for photosynthesis, you notice that C6H12O6 is produced. Identify what type of
compound this is and justify your answer. This is the equation for glucose, a carbohydrate. It is
identifiable as a carbohydrate because it has a 1:2:1 ratio of carbons, hydrogens and oxygens.
3. Utilize the following terms and tell how they are all related using words or a thinking map:
carbohydrate, starch, polysaccharide, glucose, monosaccharide, monomer, polymer, glucose,
subunit A monosaccharide is a single sugar molecule, also known as a monomer or subunit. An
example of a monosaccharide is glucose. When multiple monosaccharides bond together, it is
known as a polysaccharide, or polymer. Starch and glycogen are examples of polysaccharides.
4. Your teacher uses the word glycogen when discussing organic molecules. You are unfamiliar
with this word, so you look it up. The definition says:
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy
storage in animals and fungi. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form
of glucose in the body.
Explain what this definition means in your own words
Glycogen is multiple glucose molecules bonded together that is used as a source of energy
by animals and fungi.
5. How would a body that has a lack of glycogen be affected? Glycogen is used for energy, so
if a body lacked glycogen, it would need to find other energy sources in order to function.
6. In a molecule of ATP, where is the energy carried? The energy in ATP is carried in the bonds
that holds it togeher
7. In order to access the energy in ATP, what has to occur? To access the energy, the bonds
in ATP need to break
8. Utilize the following terms and tell how they are all related using words or a thinking map:
protein, amino acid, polypeptide, monomer
9. Utilize the following terms and tell how they are all related using words or a thinking map:
lipids, fatty acid, monomer, polymer, glycerol, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, triglyceride
Fatty acid chains that are bonded to a molecule of glycerol are the monomers that make up
lipids. Triglyceride is a lipid polymer that is used as a source of energy. Lipids are hydrophobic,
meaning that they do not dissolve in water.
10. Using a double bubble map, compare and contrast carbohydrates and lipids. Include
elements, structure and functions. Write 4 sentences that utilizes this information.
Carbohydrates and lipids both contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are
both made up of organic subunits. However, their structures and functions are different.
Carbohydrates have a definite ratio of elements (1:2:1) in a ring structure. Lipids contain the
same elements, but are bonded together in chains. Carbohydrates are soluble in water,
lipids are not. Both are used for energy, however carbohydrates are used for short-term
energy storage while lipids are used for long-term energy storage.
11. Using a double bubble map, compare and contrast lipids and proteins. Include elements,
structure and functions. Write 4 sentences that utilizes this information. Lipids and proteins
both contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. However, proteins also contain nitrogen. They
are both made up of organic subunits. The function of proteins is very different from lipids.
Proteins are structural materials, meaning that they make up different tissues such as
muscles and hair where lipids are utilized as an energy source.
Upon completion, compare your answers to 2 other students. Correct or add to your thinking as
necessary. This information will be used to reassess your knowledge of Biomolecules.