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A Global, Historical View of Addiction and The Future of Addiction Treatment Bruce K. Alexander Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia www.globalizationofaddction.com [email protected] • Alexander, B.K. & Shelton, C.P. (2014). A history of psychology in western civilization. Cambridge Univ. Press. • Alexander, B.K. (2008/2010). The globalization of addiction: A study in poverty of the spirit. Oxford Univ. Press. • Plato (circa 375BC). The Republic. (Desmond Lee translation, 1955). • St. Augustine (circa397AD). Confessions. Rex Warner translation, 2009). • White, W.L. (1998). Slaying the dragon: The history of alcoholism treatment and recovery in America. Chestnut Hill Systems. • Smith, H.L. (2015). Harry’s Last Stand. Icon Books FRAGMENTED SOCIETY CONSEQUENCES OF ADDICTION: MASS DISLOCATION OF INDIVIDUALS 1. SHORT-TERM INDIVIDUAL ADAPTATION 2. LONG-TERM INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETAL HARM FLOOD OF ADDICTIONS FRAGMENTED SOCIETY CONSEQUENCES OF ADDICTION: 1. SHORT-TERM INDIVIDUAL ADAPTATION 2. LONG-TERM INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIETAL HARM MASS DISLOCATION OF INDIVIDUALS FLOOD OF ADDICTION NANOMETER WAVES TREAT ADDICTIONS IN CHINA Addiction as defined by OED 2010 1. a. The state or condition of being dedicated or devoted to a thing, esp. an activity or occupation; adherence or attachment, esp. of an immoderate or compulsive kind. In later use freq. influenced by sense 1b 6 Addiction as defined by OED 2010 1. b. Immoderate or compulsive consumption of a drug or other substance; spec. a condition characterized by regular or poorly controlled use of a psychoactive substance despite adverse physical, psychological, or social consequences, often with the development of physiological tolerance and withdrawal symptoms 7 1. Punish drug users, producers, and traffickers; anti drug propaganda: War on Drugs 2. Treat the thinking and behaviour of addicted individuals outside social context: Medical approach 3. Eliminate both punishment and treatment: Libertarian approach 4. Reduce Harm by caring for addicted people: Harm Reduction 5. Practice spirituality in order to bear dislocation in a fragmented world: Mindfulness, Ayahuasca 6. Provide community support, acceptance, and treatment to overcome addictions: Recovery Movement 7. Restructure society to reduce fragmentation, dislocation, and addiction: Large Scale Social Change