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WWI Vocabulary Napoleon: emperor of France 1804–15. Congress of Vienna: an international conference (1814–15) held at Vienna after Napoleon's banishment to Elba, with Metternich as the dominant figure, aimed at territorial resettlement and restoration to power of the crowned heads of Europe. French Revolution: an uprising in France against the monarchy from 1789 to 1799 which resulted in the establishment of France as a republic Democracy: rule by the people Race A group of people identified as distinct from other groups because of supposed physical or genetic traits shared by the group Ethnicity: belonging to a group that shares the same culture Nationalism: patriotism for one’s country. It can be extreme which leads to contempt to other nations. Republic: representative government Nicholas II: Last Czar of Russia. He brought Russia into WWI. Kaiser: term for German king Otto von Bismarck: German Prime Minister who unified Germany Wilhelm II: King of Germany that wanted to expand Parliament: a country's legislative (law-making) body Prussia: a former state in N Europe: became a military power in the 18th century and in 1871 led the formation of the German empire; formally abolished as an administrative unit in 1947. Expand. Austria-Hungary: A former dual monarchy of central Europe consisting of Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Moravia, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and parts of Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, and Italy. It was formed in 1867 after agitation by Hungarian nationalists within the Austrian empire and lasted until 1918. Victorio Emmanuel II: King of Sardinia (1849-1861) and first king of united Italy (1861-1878) Count Camillo Cavour: a conservative whose exploitation of international rivalries and of revolutionary movements brought about the unification of Italy Militarism: the buildup of a nation’s military and control by the military class Imperialism: the act of a stronger nation taking over a weaker one by diplomacy or by force. The country might want: land, money, resources, jobs, or to civilize the people. System of Alliances: system of alliances-entangling treaties and friendships that bound nations together before WWI Triple Alliance: pre-war connections between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente: pre-war connection between France, Britain, and Russia Franz Ferdinand: Archduke of Austria-Hungary whose death pushed Europe into war Gavrilo Princip: assassin of Ferdinand Allies: Great Britain, Russia, France, and the U.S. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey Georges Clemenceau: Prime Minister of France David Lloyd George: Prime Minister of Great Britain American Expeditionary Force: U.S. forces in WWI Two Front War: a war that pits one nation against others leaving it to fight in two different directions Schlieffen Plan: plan to defeat France and Russia at the same time in a two front European War Alfred Schlieffen: German war strategist The Sussex: French ship sun k by U-boats U-Boat: German submarines that blockaded Britain Balkans: area of mountains near Serbia Zimmerman Note: telegram from Germany to Mexico trying to get them to attack the U.S. The Lusitania: British Ocean liner sunk by U-Boats, killing over 100 Americans Theodore Roosevelt: Former President who wanted the U.S to be involved in world affairs Woodrow Wilson: President of the United States that kept th enation out of most of the war. He wanted to make the world safe for democracy, and wanted to form a League of Nations. Bull Moose Party: this party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt when he wanted to run for President against Taft and Wilson. This split the Republican vote, and Wilson won. Conscription: forced military service by the government Selective Service Act: this Congressional act instituted conscription Herbert Hoover: was the head of the Food Administration that fed the troops and citizens of Europe. He became nationally known for his work and later became President. Doughboys: nickname for U.S. troops in WWI Trench Warfare: type of fighting that took place in WWI in order to survive the onslaught of the more powerful artillery and machine guns Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: this ended the war for Russia and allowed Germany to focus their campaigns in the west. Verdun: fortress like town that the Germans wanted to seize in order to demoralize the French. Largest offensive the world had seen. The Somme: largest counter-strike by the allies in the war Treaty of Versailles: agreement that ended the war. If was full of very harsh terms that hurt Germany. 14 Points: Wilson’s plan for peace in Europe John J Pershing: commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (U.S. troops in WWI)