Download Oxidation and Reduction Reactions

Chemistry 12 (HL)
Unit 3 / IB Topics 9 and 19
Unit 3 Outline – Oxidation and Reduction Reactions
Introduction to Oxidation and Reduction Reactions (IB Topic 9.1)
• examples of common “redox reactions”
• meaning of oxidation and reduction reactions in terms of electron transfer
• writing half reactions for redox reactions
Oxidation Numbers (IB Topic 9.1)
• assigning oxidation numbers to elements
• using oxidation numbers to deduce oxidation and reduction reactions
Balancing Redox Equations (IB Topic 9.2)
• write balanced half reaction equations for more complex redox reactions - AOHE
• write balanced overall equations for more complex redox reactions
• oxidizing and reducing agents
Reactivity (IB Topic 9.3)
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reactivity series for metals and halogens – what do they show?
predicting relative strengths of oxidizing and reducing agents from a reactivity series
predicting whether or not a reaction occurs based on the reactivity series
constructing a reactivity series based on experimental observations of reactions
Voltaic Cells (IB Topics 9.4 and 19.1)
• examples of voltaic cells
• energy conversion in voltaic cells
• components of voltaic cells
– half cells, electrodes, electrolytes, salt bridge, conductors
• operation of voltaic cells
– reactions in each half cell, movement of electrons, role of the salt
bridge, changes at the electrode
• calculating cell potential values from standard electrode potentials
• using standard electrode potential values to predict the spontaneity of reactions
Electrolytic Cells (IB Topics 9.5 and 19.2)
• examples of electrolytic cells and the uses of electrolysis reactions
• energy conversion in electrolytic cells
• components of electrolytic cells
– electrodes, electrolyte, power source, conductors
• operation of electrolytic cells
- reactions at each electrode, movement of electrons,
conduction of current
• electrolysis of molten salts (ionic compounds)
• electrolysis of aqueous solutions
• stoichiometry and electrolysis
• electroplating
First Row d-block Elements (IB Topic 13. 2)
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characteristics of transition metals
transition metal complexes
catalytic properties and economic importance
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Chemistry 12 (HL)
Unit 3 / IB Topics 9 and 19
IB ASSESSMENT STATEMENTS
Topic 9 - Oxidation and reduction (Core)
9.1
Introduction to oxidation and reduction
9.1.1
9.1.2
9.1.3
9.1.4
Define oxidation and reduction in terms of electron loss and gain.
Deduce the oxidation number of an element in a compound.
Oxidation numbers should be shown by a sign (+ or -) followed by a number.
State the names of compounds using oxidation numbers.
Deduce whether an element undergoes oxidation or reduction in reactions using oxidation numbers.
9.2
Redox equations
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
Deduce simple oxidation and reduction half-equation given the species involved in a redox reaction.
Deduce redox equations using half-equations.
Use H+ and H2O when balancing half-equations in acidic solution.
Define the terms oxidizing agent and reducing agent.
Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents in redox equations.
9.3
Reactivity
9.3.1
9.3.2
Deduce a reactivity series based on the chemical behaviour of a group of oxidizing and reducing agents.
Deduce the feasibility of a redox reaction from a given reactivity series.
9.4
Voltaic cells
9.4.1
Explain how a redox reaction is used to produce electricity in a voltaic cell.
This should include a diagram to show how two half-cells are used.
State that oxidation occurs at the negative electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the positive
electrode (cathode).
9.4.2
9.5
Electrolytic cells
9.5.1
Describe, using a diagram, the essential components of an electrolytic cell.
The diagram should include the source of electric current and conductors, positive and negative electrodes
and the electrolyte.
State that oxidation occurs at the positive electrode (anode) and reduction occurs at the negative
electrode (cathode).
Describe how current is conducted in an electrolytic cell.
Deduce the products of the electrolysis of a molten salt.
Include equations for the half reactions at each electrode.
9.5.1
9.5.1
9.5.1
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Topic 19 - Oxidation and reduction (AHL)
19.1
Standard electrode potentials
19.1.1
19.1.2
19.1.3
19.1.4
Describe the standard hydrogen electrode.
Define the term standard electrode potential (E˚).
Calculate cell potentials using standard electrode potentials.
Predict whether a reaction will be spontaneous using standard electrode potential values.
19.2
Electrolysis
19.2.1
19.2.2
19.2.3
Predict and explain the products of electrolysis of aqueous solutions.
Determine the relative amounts of the products formed during electrolysis.
Describe the use of electrolysis in electroplating.
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Topic 13: Periodicity (AHL)
13.2
First row d-block elements
13.2.1
13.2.2
13.2.3
13.2.4
13.2.5
13.2.6
13.2.7
13.2.8
List the characteristic properties of the transition elements.
Explain why Sc and Zn are not considered to be transition elements.
Explain the existence of variable oxidation states in ions of the transition elements.
Define the term ligand.
Describe and explain the formation of complexes of d-block elements.
Explain why some complexes of d-block elements are coloured.
State some examples of the catalytic action of transition elements and their compounds.
Outline the economic significance of catalysts in the Contact and Haber processes.
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