Download Neurons and synapses

Neurons and synapses
IB2 Biology
Jin Young Huh
Organization of the Nervous
System
• Central nervous system (CNS)
– Brain
– Spinal cord
• Peripheral
nerves
Sensory and motor neurons
• Sensory neurons
– receptors (sensory cells)
– CNS
• Motor neurons
– CNS
– effectors (muscle and gland cells)
• Relay neurons
– between neurons
Structure of a motor neuron
Synapses
• Junction between two neurons
• Neurotransmitters
– Pre-synaptic neuron
– Post-synaptic neuron
Stages in synaptic transmission
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3F5dfmQ3hk
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9nUY6o-LCWY
Sources
• Study Guide
• Academico
– http://academic.uprm.edu/~ephoebus/id81.htm
• Wikispace
– http://biologyataglance.wikispaces.com/Controllin
g+life
Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
Central nervous system (CNS): part
of nervous system that consists of the
brain and spinal cord, regulating the
body’s responses to external and
internal stimuli
Neurons: cells in the central nervous
system that can carry messages at
high speed in the form of electrical
impulses.
Spinal cord: a long, thin, tubular
bundle of nervous tissue and support
cells that extends from the brain
Peripheral nerves: nerves that
connect all parts of the body to the
central nervous sytem
Sensory neurons: neurons that carry
nerve impulses from sensory cells
(receptors) to the CNS
Motor neurons: neurons that carry
impulses from the CNS to effectors
(muscle and gland cells)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Relay neurons: neurons that carry
impulses within the CNS, from one
neuron to another
Axon: a long, slender projection of a
neuron that conducts electrical
impulses away from the neuron’s cell
body (soma)
Dendrites: the branched projections
of a neuron that act to conduct the
electrochemical stimulation received
from other neural cells to soma
Neurotransmitters: endogenous
chemicals which transmit signals
from a neuron to a target cell across
a synapse
Depolarization: a change in cell’s
membrane potential, making it more
positive, or less negative
Vesicles: a small membrane-enclosed
sac that can store or transport
susbstances