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• Mineral Identification Brainpop & K.I.M Chart
• Prove it! Minerals- Gems from the Earth
•Copy down homework
• Prove it! Minerals- Gems from the Earth
• Take out homework
• Pg. 30: What is a mineral? Worksheet
CER
• Decide if the following statements are true. If not, correct them.
(Take your best guess!)
• 1. Water and Ice are minerals.
• 2. Rocks can found in minerals.
• 3. Minerals only exist as solids.
Look at the following minerals.
Which do you think are the same
types of minerals and which do you
think are different?
These are all the same type of mineral!
They are examples of quartz!!
Why Is It So Difficult to Identify
Minerals?
• There are over 3000 types of minerals in the Earth’s crust
• As you could see with the quartz, often times even the
same kind of minerals can look very different
• Therefore, geologists (scientists who study minerals and
rocks) often use several different tests to determine type
of a mineral they have found!
• Brainpop!
Mineral Brainpop
K.I.M: Mineral Identification
Key Word
Color
Hardness
Moh’s
Hardness
Scale
Luster
Streak
Cleavage
Fracture
Information/Definition
Memory Cue/
Picture
Color
• Color is one of the least reliable tests because
a mineral will not always be the same color.
• The color of a mineral is often caused by tiny amounts of
other elements or compounds inside
• For example, what people call amethyst is actually just
quartz with iron in it!
Streak
• The powdered colored left
behind when rubbed against a
hard surface (streak plate)
• A mineral’s streak does not
always match the mineral’s
external color
• For example, one way to tell the
difference between pyrite (Fool’s gold)
and real gold is by streak. Pyrite
leaves a greenish-black streak while
real gold leaves a yellow streak.
Luster
The way a mineral shines
• Metallic - Looks like metal or appears to have metal flakes
• Non-Metallic• Glassy or vitreous - Shines like glass
• Earthy or chalky - Dull; does not reflect much light
• Waxy, silky, or pearly - Has a muted shine; may resemble shells or
pearls
Metallic Luster
Hardness
A measure of how easily a
mineral can be scratched
• Minerals can only be
scratched by other
minerals that have the
same hardness or are
harder
This gray mineral is bring
scratched by the clear/white
mineral; therefore, the
clear/white mineral is harder
than the gray mineral
Mohs Scale
• Scale used to rate
how hard a mineral
is (1=softest-Talc,
10=hardestDiamond).
• Fingernail- 2.5
• Penny- 3.5
• Steel file (nail)6.5
Hardness
Mineral
Associations and Uses
1
Talc
Talcum powder.
2
Gypsum
Plaster of paris. Gypsum is formed when seawater
evaporates from the Earth’s surface.
3
Calcite
Limestone and most shells contain calcite.
4
Fluorite
Fluorine in fluorite prevents tooth decay.
5
Apatite
When you are hungry you have a big "appetite".
6
Orthoclas
e
Orthoclase is a feldspar, and in German, "feld"
means "field".
7
Quartz
8
Topaz
The November birthstone. Emerald and
aquamarine are varieties of beryl with a hardness
of 8.
9
Corundu
m
Sapphire and ruby are varieties of corundum.
Twice as hard as topaz.
10
Diamond
Used in jewelry and cutting tools. Four times as
hard as corundum.
Practice
• Which objects
AND minerals
below would
scratch
Orthoclase?
Write claim and
evidence.
Cleavage
• Minerals that break along smoother flat planes
are said to have cleavage.
Fracture
• Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges
are said to have fracture
Density
• The amount of matter in a space
• Formula: Mass/Volume
Some Other Special Properties
• Some minerals have unique properties
• For example, Iceland spar can create double images
• Calcite reacts with hydrochloric acid and releases carbon dioxide (bubbles)
• Fluorescence property- glow when they are exposed to ultraviolet light