Download Study guide 10, 12 and 13

Study guide Bio
1
Exam #3 10, 12, and 13
Part I Short answer questions
A) Describe the light reaction of photosynthesis.
B) Describe the Calvin cycle- dark reaction of photosynthesis.
C) Describe the phases of the cell cycle and how does a cell prepare itself for cell
division (M-Phase).
D) Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis.
E) Describe the mechanisms discussed in class that contribute to the genetic variation of
organisms.
Part II
10- Photosynthesis- the overall process feeds the bisphere
definition of autotrophs, heterotrophs, producers, consumers,
10.1 Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy of food
Chloroplast: the sites of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll, meosphyll, stomata, stroma, thylakoids Fig. 10.3
The overall photosynthetic equation and tracking of atoms Fig. 10.4
Fig. 10. 5 Overview of photosynthesis- Light reaction, calvin cycle,
NADP+ (electron acceptor), carbon fixation
10.2 The light reactions convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
photons, spectrophotometer, absorption spectrum, chlorophyll a, carotenoids
A Photosystem: A reaction Center Associated with Light-Harvesting Complexes p. 189
Fig. 10.12 Photosystem, light-harvesting complex, reaction center, primary
electron acceptor, pigment molecules, photon
Fig. 10.13 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP
and NADP steps 1-8
Photosystem II and, electron transport chain Photosystem I, electron transport
chain
10.3 The Calvin cycle uses ATP and NADPH (produced in the light reaction
photosystems) to convert CO2 to sugar
Fig. 10.18 glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate (G3P), Phase 1: carbon fixation, Phase 2:
reduction requires energy (NADPH) and formation of G3P, Phase 3: regeneration
of the CO2 acceptor Rubulose Biphosphate (RuBP) requires energy (ATP)
12- The cell cycle
key roles of cell division, cell cylce
12.1 cell division
genome, chromosomes, somatic cells, gametes, chromatin, sister chromatids,
centromere, look at Fig. 12.4 and identify these terms
Mitosis, cytokinesis and meiosis
12.2 The mitotic phase alternates with interphase in the cell cycle
Phases of the cell cycle
Fig. 12.5 Mitotic (M) phase includes both Mitosis and cytokinesis,
interphase (G1, S phase, and G2)
Phases of Mitosis- Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase also
look at pages 222 and 223 Fig. 12.6
The Mitotic spindle: a closer look
Mitotic spindle, centrosome, aster, kinetochore, also look at fig. 12.7 and
identify structures.
Cytokinesis: A closer look
Cleavage, cleavage furrow, cell plate, cell wall,
Binary Fission and bacteria fig. 12.11 steps 1-4
The cell cycle control system
Cell Life cycle, Checkpoints, G1, Go and G2
Loss of cells cycle controls in cancer cells
Benign tumor and how they become malignant tumors.
13- Meiosis and sexual life cycles
Heredity and variation, genetics,
13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes
genes, gametes
Comparison of Asexual and sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction, budding, clone, sexual reproduction,
13.2 - Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles
Fig. 13.3 and 13.4 somatic cells, karyotype, homologous chromosomes, sex
chromosomes, autosomes, diploid, haploid, autosomes, sex chromosomes (X and
Y), gametes, fertilization, zygote,
Fig. 13.5 the human life cycle
Variety of sexual life cycles p. 242 alteration of generations, spores also look at
Fig. 13.6 three types of sexual life cycles
13.3- Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid
Figure 13.7 overview of Meiosis I (reduction division) and Meiosis II ,
Fig. 13.8 The Meiotic division of an Animal cell, Meiosis I and Meiosis II
Chiasmata, crossing over, tetrad homologous pairs, sister chromatid and what
occurs at each phase of Meiosis I and Meiosis II- where reduction occurs, and
where sister chromatids separate.
Compare Mitosis to Meiosis Fig. 13.9
Synapsis and crossing over, tetrad on the metaphase plate, and separation
of homologues.
13.4 Genetic Variation produced in sexual life cycles
Independent assortment of chromosomes and random crossing over of genetic
information- recombinant chromosomes also random fertilization leads to greater
variability-.
Look at fig. 13.10 independent assortment and 13.11 the results of crossing over
during meiosis.