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Question Bank for Written Student Assessment and
Evaluation
Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Anatomy?
1. Which of the following is not a feature of the anatomical position:
A) The body stands erect.
B) The body is facing forward.
C) The arms are hanging at the sides.
D) The heels and feet are together.
E) None of the above.
Answer: E
2. Your nose is _________ to your ears. Answer: medial
3. Your abdomen in inferior to your thorax. Answer: true
4. Which of the following planes bisects the body into right and left halves:
A) transverse
B) median
C) coronal
D) midsagittal
E) both B and D
Answer: E
5. The point at which the median, frontal, and transverse planes intersect represents the body’s
_________. Answer: centre of gravity or centre of mass
6. Movements that are lateral occur in the frontal plane. Answer: true
7. To perform a biceps curl, you must _________ the palm and _________ the elbow.
A) pronate; flex
B) supinate; flex
C) pronate; extend
D) abduct; extend
E) supinate; invert
Answer: B
8. Lifting the arm away from the side of the body is an example of _________, and returning it is
an example of _________. Answer: abduction; adduction
9. Spongy bone is also known as cortical bone. Answer: false (Correct: cancellous)
10. Bone marrow is:
A) located inside the bone cavity
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B) yellow in children
C) red in adults
D) typically found in short bones
E) all of the above
Answer: A
11. The epiphyseal growth plate eventually ossifies and becomes the _________. Answer:
epiphyseal line
12. The gastrointestinal tract is made up of smooth muscle. Answer: true
13. Which of the following is not a characteristic of skeletal muscle:
A) very fatigue resistant
B) under voluntary control
C) attached to bone
D) can benefit from fitness training
E) none of the above
Answer: A
14. A muscle’s origin is also known as its _________ attachment. Answer: proximal
15. In a condyloid joint, the joint surfaces are usually oval. Answer: true
16. What are the characteristics of synovial joints?
Answer: Each synovial joint has a joint cavity (the space between and around the articulating
bones) filled with synovial fluid. The synovial fluid cushions and lubricates the joint. A joint
capsule surrounds the joint space and helps provide support. The capsule is lined with a synovial
membrane that secretes the lubrication fluid. The joint capsule may or may not have thickenings
called intrinsic ligaments that add support. Outside the capsule and not connected to it are
extrinsic ligaments that support the joint and connect the articulating bones. Some joints have
special features such as articular discs, fibrocartilaginous labra and menisci, and intracapsular
tendons.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. We study human anatomy because:
A) It is a subject that binds all humans together.
B) It is important to understand how our bodies are structured to perform.
C) It helps us attain our full potential in sport and physical activity.
D) The human body has fascinated humankind for centuries.
E) All of the above.
Answer: E
2. Which of the following is a correct directional term to describe the relative position of the rib
cage to the heart:
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A) inferior
B) medial
C) deep
D) superficial
E) distal
Answer: D
3. Which of the following is a correct directional term to describe the relative position of the
hands to the arms:
A) proximal
B) anterior
C) distal
D) superficial
E) ventral
Answer: C
4. Your brain is _________ to your feet and _________ to your skull.
A) distal; proximal
B) anterior; deep
C) inferior; superficial
D) superior; deep
E) superficial; medial
Answer: D
5. The plane that divides the body into right and left sections is:
A) the sagittal plane
B) the coronal plane
C) the median plane
D) the transverse plane
E) both A and C
Answer: E
6. The _________ plane divides the body into upper and lower sections.
A) transverse
B) coronal
C) frontal
D) median
E) none of the above
Answer: A
7. A jumping jack takes place in the _________ plane.
A) sagittal
B) horizontal
C) transverse
D) median
E) coronal
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Answer: E
8. Which of the following statements about flexion is false:
A) It usually occurs in the sagittal plane.
B) The opposite movement is extension.
C) It increases the angle between two bones at a joint.
D) It can be modified at the ankle joint (e.g., plantar flexion).
E) None of the above.
Answer: C
9. Which motion involves movement away from the midline of the body:
A) abduction
B) adduction
C) supination
D) lateral rotation
E) both A and D
Answer: E
10. Which of the following is not a part of the axial skeleton:
A) atlas
B) scapula
C) hyoid bone
D) rib cage
E) lacrimal bone
Answer: B
11. The C2 vertebra (the axis) is:
A) an irregular bone
B) a short bone
C) a long bone
D) a flat bone
E) a sesamoid bone
Answer: A
12. The patella is:
A) a sesamoid bone
B) a knee bone
C) a flat bone
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Answer: D
13. Which bones protect underlying organs and provide areas for muscle attachment?
A) sesamoid
B) long
C) flat
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D) irregular
E) short
Answer: C
14. Cortical bone:
A) is highly porous
B) has a honeycomb structure
C) is very flexible
D) is largely found in long bones
E) both B and D
Answer: D
15. Cancellous bone:
A) is also known as spongy bone
B) is highly porous
C) is a good shock absorber
D) is more flexible than cortical bone
E) all of the above
Answer: E
16. Which of the following is not a major component of bone:
A) calcium carbonate
B) calcium phosphate
C) collagen
D) water
E) none of the above
Answer: E
17. Which of the following statements about bones is false:
A. The periosteum covers most of a long bone’s surface.
B) The epiphyseal line allows long bones to lengthen.
C) The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis.
D) Bone gets its flexibility from collagen.
E) The end of a long bone is called the epiphysis.
Answer: B
18. Which of the following statements about muscle types is false:
A) Cardiac muscle is very fatigue resistant.
B) Smooth muscle forms the walls of blood vessels and body organs.
C) The contraction of skeletal muscle is initiated by motor neurons and is usually under
voluntary control.
D) Like smooth muscle, the contractile activity of cardiac muscle can be graduated.
E) Smooth muscle and cardiac muscle are both under involuntary control.
Answer: D
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19. The attachment closer to the centre of the body is the muscle’s _________ (also known as its
_________ attachment).
A) origin; distal
B) insertion; proximal
C) insertion; medial
D) origin; proximal
E) insertion; distal
Answer: D
20. Which of the following statements about joint types is true:
A) Fibrous and cartilaginous joints are the most mobile.
B) Synovial joints are supported by extrinsic ligaments.
C) Fibrous joints are the most common in the body.
D) Synovial joints absorb shock and are slightly movable.
E) The pubic symphysis is an example of a fibrous joint.
Answer: B
21. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a synovial joint:
A) a joint capsule
B) a synovial membrane
C) extrinsic ligaments
D) synovial fluid
E) none of the above
Answer: E
22. A joint with one convex articulating surface and one concave articulating surface is a
_________ joint.
A) hinge
B) plane
C) knuckle
D) condyloid
E) A, C, and D
Answer: E
23. The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a _________ joint.
A) pivot
B) saddle
C) knuckle
D) ginglymus
E) condyloid
Answer: B
24. Another name for the knuckle joint is the _________ joint.
A) pivot
B) saddle
C) hinge
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D) ginglymus
E) condyloid
Answer: E
25. Which joint allows the most movement?
A) ginglymus
B) saddle
C) ball and socket
D) condyloid
E) pivot
Answer: C
Fill in the Blank Questions
1. The study of the structures that make up the human body, and how those structures
relate to each other, is called human _________. Answer: anatomy
2. In a _________ approach to the study of the human body, a _________ is followed throughout
its entirety in the body. Answer: systemic; system
3. Human anatomy is always described in relation to the _________, in which the body is erect
and facing forward, with the palms of the hands facing _________. Answer: anatomical
position; forward
4. Your skin lies _________ to your muscles. Answer: superficial
5. When describing a blood vessel, the term _________ means toward the origin. Answer:
proximal
6. Another word for posterior is _________. Answer: dorsal
7. A person lying face down is said to be in a _________ position. Answer: prone
8. The transverse plane is also known as the _________ plane. Answer: horizontal
9. The frontal plane is any vertical plane dividing the body into _________ and _________
sections. Answer: anterior; posterior
10. A forward roll occurs in the _________ plane. Answer: sagittal
11. Moving the palm so it faces downward is known as _________; moving the palm so it faces
upward is known as _________. Answer: pronation; supination
12. Flexion–extension movements combined with abduction–adduction movements produce a
cone of movement known as _________. Answer: circumduction
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13. The skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum make up the _________ skeleton. Answer: axial
14. The femur is an example of a _________ bone. Answer: long
15. The vertebrae are examples of _________ bones. Answer: irregular
16. Bones that are more _________ have a smaller proportion of calcium phosphate and
carbonate and greater non-mineralized tissue. Answer: porous
17. Bone can be classified into two general categories: _________ bone and _________ bone.
Answer: cortical; spongy or cancellous
18. _________ bone is largely found in long bones (such as the bones of the arms and legs).
Answer: Cortical
19. The term ossify means to _________. Answer: harden
20. The shaft of a long bone is called the _________. Answer: diaphysis
21. A _________ is the point of connection between two or more bones. Answer: joint
22. In synovial joints, bone ends are covered with smooth hyaline _________. Answer: cartilage
23. The greatest amount of movement is seen at _________ joints. Answer: synovial
24. Another name for the hinge joint is the _________ joint. Answer: ginglymus
25. The shoulder is a _________ joint. Answer: ball and socket
True or False Questions
1. A systemic approach to human anatomy combines the various systems involved in a particular
part of the body. Answer: false (Correct: regional)
2. In the anatomical position, the feet are parallel to each other. Answer: true
3. Your nose is lateral to your eyes. Answer: false (Correct: medial)
4. A person lying on his or her back is prone. Answer: false (Correct: supine)
5. The term ventral is interchangeable with the term anterior. Answer: true
6. The term distal means farther from the surface of the body. Answer: false (Correct: deep)
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7. The term lateral means farther from the median plane. Answer: true
8. Directional terms are based on the assumption that the body is in the prone position. Answer:
false (Correct: anatomical)
9. The transverse plane is any plane at right angles to both the sagittal and frontal planes.
Answer: true
10. The frontal plane is also known as the horizontal plane. Answer: false (Correct: coronal)
11. Cycling and running occur in the sagittal plane. Answer: true
12. In general, extension increases the angle between two bones. Answer: true
13. Movement toward the midline of the body in the frontal plane is known as adduction.
Answer: true
14. Ankle sprains are usually the result of eversion of the joint. Answer: false (Correct:
inversion)
15. When you are standing on your toes, the ankle joint is in plantar flexion. Answer: true
16. The pectoral and pelvic girdles are part of the axial skeleton. Answer: false (Correct:
appendicular skeleton)
17. The bones of the skull are classified as flat. Answer: true
18. Irregular bones are found in the wrist and ankle. Answer: false (Correct: Short)
19. Typically, long bones have a marrow cavity filled with red marrow in children and yellow
marrow in adults. Answer: true; true
20. The end of a long bone is called the diaphysis. Answer: false (Correct: epiphysis)
21. During growth, the epiphyseal growth plate ossifies. Answer: false (Correct: When growth
ceases)
22. When subjected to regular physical activity and habitual loads, bones tend to become denser.
Answer: true
23. A muscle’s insertion is the more proximal attachment (farther from the body). Answer: false
(Correct: distal); true
24. The stability and integrity of joints are maintained by strands of connective tissue called
tendons. Answer: false (Correct: ligaments)
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25. Pivot or gliding joints permit movement in the wrist. Answer: false (Correct: Plane)
Other Types of Questions
1. Match the following planes and directional terms with their corresponding definitions.
Term
Frontal plane
Superficial
Median plane
Lateral
Proximal
Sagittal plane
Coronal plane
Deep
Distal
Transverse plane
Inferior
Medial
Superior
Horizontal plane
Midsagittal plane
Answer
C
I
G
D
H
L
C
F
K
A
B
J
E
A
G
Definition
A) A plane dividing the body into upper and lower sections
B) Nearer to the feet
C) A plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior sections
D) Farther from the median plane
E) Nearer to the head
F) Farther from the surface of the body
G) A plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves
H) Nearer to the trunk
I) Nearer to the surface of the body
J) Nearer to the median plane
K) Farther from the trunk
L) A plane dividing the body into unequal right and left sections
2. Match the following joint movements with their corresponding definitions.
Movement
Abduction
Flexion
Dorsiflexion
Supination
Extension
Inversion
Adduction
Pronation
External rotation
Plantar flexion
Eversion
Answer Definition
K
A) A cone of movement that occurs when flexion–extension
movements are combined with abduction–adduction movements
H
B) Increases the angle between two bones at a joint
I
C) Movement of the palm to face downward
G
D) Movement toward the midline of the body in the frontal
plane
B
E) Movement of the sole of the foot outward, away from the
median plane of the body
L
F) Movement of the ankle so that the dorsal surface of the foot
moves inferiorly
D
G) Movement of the palm to face upward
C
H) Reduces the angle between two bones at a joint
M
I) Movement of the ankle so that the dorsal surface of the foot
moves superiorly
F
J) Rotation of a bone along its longitudinal axis toward the
median plane
E
K) Movement away from the midline of the body in the frontal
plane
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Circumduction
A
Internal rotation
J
L) Movement of the sole of the foot toward the median plane of
the body
M) Rotation of a bone along its longitudinal axis away from the
median plane
3. Identify whether the following bones belong to the axial skeleton (AX) or the appendicular
skeleton (APP)
Answer
Jaw bone
Pelvis
Collarbone
Thoracic vertebrae
Ribs
Forearm bones
Sternum
Shoulder blade
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
_________
AX
APP
APP
AX
AX
APP
AX
APP
4. Bones are classified into two general categories based on what characteristic? Identify these
two types of bone, describe their individual properties, and indicate where they are generally
found.
Answer: Bone is classified into two general categories according to its degree of porosity. Bone
that has low porosity is called cortical bone. It is less flexible and can resist greater stress. In
contrast, spongy or cancellous bone has a relatively high porosity with more non-mineralized
tissue. Spongy bone has a characteristic honeycomb structure and provides more flexibility.
Cortical bone is largely found in long bones (such as the bones of the arms and legs), which are
required to be stronger to resist greater stress, while spongy bone is found where shock
absorption and a better ability to change shape are important (e.g., vertebrae).
5. What are the four major components of bone?
Answer: The four major components of bone are calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate,
collagen, and water.
6. Cardiac muscle has characteristics of both skeletal and smooth muscle. For each characteristic,
circle whether cardiac muscle is like smooth or skeletal muscle.
Answers are in italics.
Characteristic
Smooth Muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Contractile activity Same contraction force Graduated contraction force
Fatigue resistance
High
Low
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Neural activation
Involuntary
Voluntary
7. Label the following diagram of a synovial joint.
8. In synovial joints, how is friction between articulating bone surfaces reduced?
Answer: The ends of the bones that form synovial joints are covered with smooth hyaline
cartilage, which reduces friction between the articulating bone surfaces. Synovial fluid
lubricates the joint and the cartilage to further reduce friction.
9. Match the following synovial joints with their corresponding characteristics. The joints can be
matched with more than one characteristic.
Joint
Saddle joint
Ginglymus joint
Elbow joint
Knuckle joint
Answer
D&F
H&J
H
C
Hinge joint
Ball and socket joint
Pivot joint
Plane joint
H&J
B&I
G&K
A&E
Carpometacarpal joint
D&F
Characteristic
A) Both bone surfaces are nearly flat
B) The shoulder joint is an example
C) Joint surfaces are usually oval (one convex and one concave),
with movement in more than one plane
D) Same movement as at condyloid joint but with greater range
of motion
E) The bones in the wrist are an example
F) The bones are set together as in sitting on a horse
G) The radioulnar joint is an example
H) A joint with one articulating surface that is convex and
another that is concave, with movement in one plane only
I) A joint with a rounded bone fitted into a cuplike receptacle
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(thumb)
Condyloid joint
Gliding joint
Hip joint
C
A&E
I
J) The interphalangeal joints of the fingers are examples
K) A joint in which one bone rotates around one axis
10. The knee and the jaw are difficult to classify because their structure allows them to function
as more than one type of joint. Research the following synovial joints to determine their primary
joint classification (e.g., pivot, saddle).
Answers are in italics.
Joint
Knee joint
Sternoclavicular joint
Radiocarpal joint (wrist)
Talocrural joint (ankle)
Temporomandibular joint
(jaw)
Primary Classification
Hinge
Saddle
Condyloid
Hinge
Hinge
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