Download The integumentary system

THE INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM - CLINICAL
BURNS
BURNS
NAME
DEFINITION
1st Degree
Redness and pain
2nd Degree
Only affects the epidermis (a
sunburn would fall in this category)
Affects the epidermis and dermis
3rd Degree
Reaches the subcutaneous layer
Stiff, waxy white, leathery or tan;
possible numbness (due to nerve
damage)
4th Degree
Affects structures beyond the skin
(muscle & bone)
blackened or charred; may feel no
pain (due to substantial nerve
damage)
BURNS - IDENTIFICATION
APPEARANCE
Redness, pain, swelling, possibly
blisters, and may look wet or moist
1st degree & small 2nd degree:
1. Flood the area with cool tap water
2. Aloe
3. Burn creams
BURNS - TREATMENTS
Severe burns:
1. Sterile covering
2. IV fluids
3. Pain relievers (ex. Morphine – exp. when changing coverings)
4. Antibiotics
5. Surgical (breathing assistance, skin graphs, reconstruction)
BURNS - TREATMENTS
BEDSORES
Occurs in the portion of skin
that has been pressed
against a hard object (bone)
for an extended period of
time so that the area has
been deprived of blood
supply
BEDSORES
BEDSORES
1. Rotating body about every 2 hours. (Changes pressure point
locations)
BEDSORES - TREATMENT
PSORIASIS
1. Possible autoimmune disorder.
(increased activity of T cells)
2. Life cycle of skin cells occurs too
quickly. (days instead of weeks)
3. Cells build up rapidly on the surface
of the skin. (dead skin & WBC don’t
slough off quickly enough)
4. Forms thick, silvery scales and itchy,
dry, red patches that are sometimes
painful. (may be localized or cover
large areas)
PSORIASIS
1. Topical treatments
a. corticosteroids (anti-inflammatory to suppress the immune
system)
2. Phototherapy
a. natural ultraviolet light (activated T cells are destroyed;
intense exposure will cause skin damage)
b. artificial UV light (controlled doses of UV light on specific
areas of the body)
3. Internal medications (severe side effects – only used briefly and
alternated with other therapies)
PSORIASIS - TREATMENTS
SEBORRHEA
Hyperactivity of the sebaceous
glands, causing greasy skin
and dandruff (possibly
due to a yeast infection
or autoimmune disorder)
SEBORRHEA
1. Creams / Ointments (corticosteroids)
2. Shampoos (over-the-counter dandruff shampoos / antifungal
prescription)
SEBORRHEA - TREATMENTS
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
1. Ringworm
a. Tinea corporis – body
b. Tinea pedis – foot
c. Tinea capitis – scalp
2. Top layer of the skin
3. Spread by direct skin-to-skin
contact
FUNGAL INFECTIONS
HAIR LOSS
1. Normal shedding: 50 – 100 hairs / day
2. Causes:
a. heredity – male pattern baldness / female pattern baldness; age
of hair loss
b. hormone changes – pregnancy, menopause, thyroid problem
c. medical conditions
d. medications – for cancer, arthritis, high blood pressure. Also,
consuming too much vitamin A
e. other causes
(Source: Mayo Clinic)
HAIR LOSS
Alopecia areata
Autoimmune disease that
attacks hair follicles – not
all follicles are affected
HAIR LOSS – MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Traction alopecia
Hair loss due to extended
pressure like ponytails,
braids, and cornrows
HAIR LOSS – OTHER REASONS