Download Circulatory System (aka cardiovascular system) Transports waste

Circulatory System (aka cardiovascular system)
● Transports waste, oxygen, and nutrients around the body.
● Two types of circulatory system: a) open b) closed
a. There is no distinction between blood and intestinal. Blood between the cells within the
caeloon. Blood bathes the internal organs directly. “Blood” in organisms with an open
system is called hemolymph. – A transport medium for molecules including waste. Ex.
Grasshopper.
● The heart pumps hemolymph through vessels called sinuses.
● Hemolyph re-enters the body through Ostia.
b. Blood is confined to vessels and is distinct to interstitial fluid.
Pathway of blood through the blood vessels
Artery (oxygenated blood) arteriole capillary (exchange of 02 and CO2)
(deoxygenated blood)
Blood Vessel Size
Artery (largest) arteriole
vein
venule
venule
vein
capillary (smallest)
The Pathway of Blood through the Human Heart
1. Oxygen- poor blood flows from the body (via the superior and inferior vena cava) into the right
atrium.
2. Blood flows through the right atrium, past the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the blood to the pulmonary artery where it is transferred to the lungs.
The blood releases waste gases and picks up oxygen.
4. The newly oxygen rich blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins and enters the
left atrium.
5. Blood flows through the left atrium past the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
6. The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood past the aortic valve into the aorta. The aorta
transport blood to all parts of the body.
Structures
Functions
Atrium (Atria):
Receives blood returning to the heart
a. Right Atria
a. Receives deoxygenated blood
b. Left Atria
b. Receives oxygenated blood
Ventricle
Chambers that pumps the blood out of the heart
a. Right
a. Pumps oxygenated blood into the pulmonary arteries.
b. Left
b. Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta.
Veins:
Transport blood to the heart
a. Superior vena cava
a. Transport blood from the upper body to the heart.
b. Inferior vena cava
b. Transport blood from the lower body to the heart.
c. Pulmonary veins
c. Transport blood from lungs to the heart (oxygenated)
-4 layers thick
-contain valves that prevent the backflow of blood
Arteries:
Carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
a. Aorta
a. Major artery of the heart carries blood from the left ventricle.
b. Pulmonary artery
b. Carries deoxygenated blood from the left ventricle; has valves
-6 layers thick
Valves
Regulates blood flow through the heart
a. Tricuspid
a. Regulates the blood flow between the right atrium and the right
ventricle.
b. Pulmonic
b. Regulates blood flow between the left ventricle and the
pulmonary arteries.
c. Mitral (bicuspid)
c. Regulates blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
d. Aortic
d. Regulates blood between the left ventricle and the aorta.
3.
Blood Pressure
-The pressure exerted by circulating
blood in the walls of blood vessels.
NOTE: Arteries have a low blood
pressure while the capillaries have
high blood pressure.
-the instrument used to measure
blood pressure is
sphygmomanometer.
Blood Pressure Readings
Systole = (contraction of the heart)
Diastole = (relaxation after contraction)
EKG Waves
P wave: represents the contraction of the upper
chambers (atria) of the heart.
Q,R,S waves: represents the activation of the left
and right ventricles.
T wave: represents the resetting, or
repolarization, of the electrical cells in the
ventricles.
How is the heat controlled?
SinoAtrial nod (SA Node or pacemaker)
Location: an area between the atria and the
ventricles of the heart.
Function: conducts the normal electrical impulse
from the atria to the ventricles.
Bundle of His
Location: between the atria and the ventricles to
the point of the apex of the fascicular branches.
Function: transmits the electrical impulses from the AV mode.
Heart Facts
- Function: to pump blood through blood vessels through repeated contraction
- consist of cardiac muscles
- The contraction of the heart is involuntary and authorhythmic (contraction without a signal from the
nervous system).
- The human heart has 4 chambers.
Diseases of the Heart
● Angina Pectoris: Latin for “pain in the heart”. Any symptom caused by a temporary reduction in
oxygen supply (ischemia) to the muscle of the heart (myocardium).
● Arrhythmia: A disturbance in the electrical conduction system of the heart, resulting in a
heartbeat that is too slow, too fast, irregular or a combination therefore.
● Arteriosclerosis: The hardening of the wall of the artery due to calcium buildup.
● Heart Attack: When blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. If the flow of
blood isn’t restored quickly, the section of the heart muscle becomes damaged from lack of
oxygen and begins to die.