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The Planets Terrestrial and Gas planets To be considered a planet must orbit one or more stars its own gravity holds it in a spherical shape be the only body occupying the orbital path Terrestrial and Gas planets Large distances keep our solar neighbourhood’s family of eight planets well separated from each other Astronomical unit (AU), is equal to the average distance between the Sun and Earth, about 150 million km. Earth is 1 AU from the Sun, while Jupiter is 5.27 AUs from the Sun. Terrestrial planets Four inner Planets Have rocky surfaces Terrestrial planets Mercury The closest planet to the Sun is also the smallest. slightly larger than our Moon differences between night and daytemperatures on its surface (ranging from 400°C to –183°C). Terrestrial planets Venus often called Earth’s sister planet similar size and composition to Earth Venus’s atmosphere is almost completely carbon dioxide the Magellan spacecraft revealed that large portions of the planet arevery flat, while other areas have volcanoes, lava flows, and cracks called rifts. Terrestrial planets Earth little blue planet, third from the Sun only life yet discovered only place known to have water in three phases Water covers nearly three quarters of Earth’s surface Atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen Terrestrial planets Mars called the red planet half the size of Earth Mars has a very thin atmosphere of carbon dioxide and can experience winds of more than 900 km/h. Mars has two polar ice caps made of frozen carbon dioxide Outer Planets Called Jovian Planets Much Larger than the Inner Planets Have no real surface Outer Planets Jupiter largest planet in the solar system It has a mass 2.5 times greater than that of all the other planets combined “Great Red Spot” a storm raging in the clouds of hydrogen and helium that form the planet’s outer layers ,as large as three Earths the shortest day (10 hours) Outer Planets Saturn elaborate system of rings (from ice particles) composed mainly of hydrogen and some helium Outer Planets Uranus fourth most massive planet Similar composition to Jupiter and Saturn, including a ring system blue colour from the methane gas in its atmosphere unusual rotation in that it is flipped on its side Outer Planets Neptune outermost planet third most massive composition is similar to that of Uranus, and it has the same dark blue colour Has a ring system Some times has a large, blue, Earth-size patch on Neptune’s surface likely a storm in the clouds Terrestrial and Gas planets Questions Page 411 #2,9,11