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Biodegradable Polymers – From Delivery of Drugs to Tissue Separation Abraham J. Domb Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Biodegradable polymers have been used for over five decades as temporary devices and drug carriers to improve human health. These materials should possess specific physical, chemical, biological, functional, biomechanical, and degradation properties that fit the biomedical application at hand. Biodegradable polymers have been synthesized from natural components: fatty acids, amino acids and saccharides to form compounds with tailored properties that fit the intended application. Injectable pasty polymers were synthesized from castor oil and used for the delivery of agents to diseased sites such as infected bones and solid tumors. Polyesters derived from amino acids have been used as scaffolds for tissue engineering and cationic polysaccharides were used as transfection agents for plasmid DNA and siRNA. Biodegradable balloons have been applied for separation of the prostate from the rectum for irradiation protection and for treating massive rotator cuff tear. This seminar will focus on biodegradable polymer and their applications as investigated in our laboratory for the past 25 years.