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The Human Body Plan``````````````````` How to Build and Maintain Your Own I. Organizational Hierarchy A. cell – basic unit of structure and function I. Organizational Hierarchy B. tissue – group of similar cells that perform the same basic function. I. Organizational Hierarchy • C. organ – tissues that work together to carry out a specific function. I. Organizational Hierarchy D. organ system – group of organs that work together to achieve a common goal. I. Organizational Hierarchy E. organism – sum of all organ systems II. Body Tissues Four Types: 1. Muscle 2. Nervous 3. Epithelial 4. Connective II. Body Tissues A. Muscle 1. responsible for movement 2. cells contract 3. 3 types a. cardiac b. skeletal c. smooth II. Body Tissues B. Nervous 1. receive and transmit messages via electrical impulses 2. specialized cells – neurons II. Body Tissues C. Epithelial 1. layers of cells covering all internal and external body surfaces 2. form protective barriers D. Connective 1. all other tissues a. bone b. cartilage II. Body Tissues II. Body Tissues - Connective c. Tendon – connects muscle to bone d. Ligament – connects bone to bone II. Body Tissues - Connective d. fat II. Body Tissues - Connective e. blood f. lymph II. Body Tissues – Connective 2. embedded in intercellular substance called matrix, can be: a. solid b. semisolid c. liquid III. Organs • Organs are 2 or more tissues working together on the same task. • Ex. Heart IV. Organ Systems – REDMENCRIIS 1. Respiratory – gas exchange 2. Excretory – removal of metabolic wastes 3. Digestive – intake and absorption of nutrients 4. Muscular - movement 5. Endocrine – communication via chemical messages (hormones) 6. Nervous – communication via electrical impulses 7. Circulatory – distribution of nutrients and wastes 8. Reproductive – self-explanatory 9. Immune – protection against infection/disease 10. Integumentary – physical barrier, regulation of body temperature 11. Skeletal – support, protection of internal organs V. Body Cavities • protect organs, allow them to expand & contract with support. 1. Cranial – encases brain 2. Spinal – surrounds spinal cord 4. Thoracic – contains heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchii 5. Abdominal a. contains organs of digestive, reproductive, & excretory systems b. separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm (3), a wall of muscle. IV. Body Cavities