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COURSE
Human body’s support, movement
and use of nutrients
2.00
B2
35%
Understand the body’s use of
nutrients
2.08
B2
6%
Understand the functions and
disorders of the digestive system
 What are the functions of the digestive system?
 How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate?
 What are the common disorders of the digestive system?
 How are disorders of the digestive system treated?
 How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system?
7240 Health Science I
ESSENTIAL
STANDARD
OBJECTIVE
ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS
Unit A
Unpacked Content
I.
II.
Functions of the digestive system
A. Mouth
1. Tongue
2. Teeth
3. Salivary glands
4. Palate
5. Uvula
B. Pharynx
C. Esophagus
D. Stomach
1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Pylorus
4. Cardiac Sphincter
5. Pyloric Sphincter
E. Small intestine
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
F. Pancreas
G. Liver
H. Gallbladder
I. Large intestine
1. Cecum
2. Veriform appendix
3. Ascending colon
4. Transverse colon
5. Descending colon
6. Sigmoid colon
7. Rectum
8. Anus
Processes of digestion
A. Chemical
B. Physical
C. Absorption
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III.
IV.
D. Elimination
Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system
A. Electrolytes
B. Vitamins
Common disorders of the digestive system and their treatments
A. Anorexia
B. Caries
C. Cholecystitis
D. Cirrhosis
E. Cleft palate
F. Constipation
G. Diarrhea
H. Gastroenteritis
I. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
J. Hepatitis
K. Irritable bowel syndrome
L. Peptic ulcers
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ACTIVITIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
Functions of the Digestive
System
 Distribute the handout.
 Present the Power Point
presentation, slides 1-22.
 Student will record notes and
classroom discussion on the
handout, identifying the
functions of the digestive
organs.
Match the Function
 Distribute the handout.
 Students will match terms
with the appropriate
response.
 Note: This can be used for
homework or class work.
 Grade the handout and
review with students.
 Students will use the handout
as study tool and resource.
Process of Digestion
 Distribute the handout.
 Students may use textbook
to answer the questions in
their own words.
 Allow appropriate amount of
time for students to complete
the handout.
 May collaborate with a
partner, if desired.
 Facilitate class discussion for
students to share their
responses.
Common Disorders of the
Digestive System
 Distribute the handout.
 Present the Power Point
presentation, slides 23 - 37.
 Student will record notes
and classroom discussion
on the handout.
7240 Health Science I
RELEVANCY TO OBJECTIVE
Students will UNDERSTAND
(B2) the functions of the
digestive system.
RESOURCES
2.08 Understand the
functions and disorders of
the digestive system
Power Point presentation,
slides 1-22
2.08 Functions of the
Digestive System
Handout
Students will REMEMBER (A1)
the functions of the digestive
system.
2.08 Match the Function
Handout
Students will UNDERSTAND
(B2) the functions of the
digestive system.
2.08 Process of Digestion
Handout
Students will UNDERSTAND
(B2) disorders of the digestive
system.
2.08 Understand the
functions and disorders of
the digestive system
Power Point presentation,
slides 23 - 37
2.08 Common Disorders
of the Digestive System
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182
ACTIVITIES
RELEVANCY TO OBJECTIVE

5.
6.
Facilitate discussion by
asking students which
specialists may be involved
to treat disorders of the
digestive system.
 Students will use the
handout as a study tool and
resource.
 Students may use the back
of the handout as
necessary to record
responses.
Mystery Diagnosis
 Distribute the handout.
 Students will read the
scenario and answer the
questions.
 Facilitate discuss of by
asking students to discuss
possible preventative
measures for gastric
disorders.
 Students will use handout
as a study tool and
resource.
 Students may record class
discussion on the back of
the handout as necessary.
Choose MyPlate
 Assign students to explore
SuperTracker at
chooseMyplate.gov.
 Students should complete
the inventory options to
develop their personalized
nutrition and physical
activity plan.
 Follow the directions as
given at the web site to
assess their current
nutrition, activity and
general health status.
 Student will use My Reports
7240 Health Science I
RESOURCES
Handout
Students will UNDERSTAND
(B2) disorders of the digestive
system.
2.08 Mystery Diagnosis
Handout
Students will UNDERSTAND
(B2) the digestive system’s use
of nutrients.
Computer access
Summer 2012
https://www.choosemypla
te.gov/SuperTracker/defa
ult.aspx
183
ACTIVITIES
7.
8.
9.
RELEVANCY TO OBJECTIVE
to document completion of
this assignment.
 Discuss the body’s use of
nutrients.
Body Processes and
Students will UNDERSTAND
Nutrients
(B2) the digestive system’s use
of nutrients.
 Distribute the handout.
 Students will use the
textbook, reference books,
and/or internet sources to
complete the chart.
 List the nutrients that are
needed to carry out the
body function and foods
that contain the nutrients.
 Facilitate discussion and
clear up misconceptions.
2.08 Understand the
Students will UNDERSTAND
functions and disorders of
(B2) the digestive system.
the digestive system
Assessment
 Distribute the assessment.
 Allow students the class
time to complete the
assessment.
 Grade papers and return to
students as soon as
possible.
3.01 Remember the
Students will REMEMBER
structures of the
(A1) the structures of the
integumentary system
integumentary system.
preparation
 Assign students to use their
textbooks to read about the
integumentary system.
 Students should be given
an assignment to complete
to facilitate learning.
 Note: This could be an
assignment from the
materials provided or as
provided by the teacher.)
 Review and return these
7240 Health Science I
Summer 2012
RESOURCES
2.04 Body Processes and
Nutrients Handout
2.08 Understand the
functions and disorders
of the digestive system
Assessment as
prepared by the teacher
or as provided
Textbook
Notebook
OR
Materials provided
184
ACTIVITIES
RELEVANCY TO OBJECTIVE
RESOURCES
materials to students prior
to beginning the next
objective.
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2.08 Functions of the Digestive System
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Record notes and classroom discussion of functions of the digestive
system on the handout while viewing the PowerPoint presentation.
______________________
______________________
______________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
______
____________________________
____________________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
_______________________
_______________________
Processes of Digestion
A. Chemical ________________________________________________________
B. Physical _________________________________________________________
C. Absorption _______________________________________________________
D. Elimination _______________________________________________________
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2.08 Match the Function
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Match the terms in Column A to their meaning in Column B.
Column A
Column B
A. Regulates food passage from the
______ 1.
Absorption
stomach to the duodenum
______ 2.
Trypsin
B. Contractions of smooth muscle
that helps move food through the
______ 3.
Mastication
digestive tract
______ 4.
Peristalsis
______ 5.
Bile
______ 6.
Flatulence
______ 7.
Glycogen
C. Stores vitamins A, D, and B
complex
D. Emulsifies fat and is produced by
the liver
E. Polysaccharide stored in the liver
______ 8.
Liver
F. Passing of substance into the
body tissues & fluids
______ 9.
Enzymes
G. Helps digest fatty foods
______ 10. Cardiac sphincter
______ 11. Pyloric sphincter
______ 12. Gallbladder
______ 13. Chyme
______ 14. Palate
______ 15. Large intestine
H. Pancreatic enzyme that breaks
down proteins into amino acids
I. Excessive gas in the digestive
tract
J. The act of chewing
K. Chemical substances that
promote chemical reactions
during digestion
L. Circular muscle; controls
passage of food into stomach
M. Semi liquid food found in the
large intestine
N. Separates the oral cavity from the
nasal cavity
O. Water re-absorption
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2.08 Match the unction
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
KEY
Directions: Match the terms in Column A to their meaning in Column B.
Column A
___F___ 1.
Column B
Absorption
___H___ 2. Trypsin
A. Regulates food passage from the
stomach to the duodenum
___J___ 3. Mastication
B. Contractions of smooth muscle that
helps move food through the
digestive tract
___B___ 4. Peristalsis
C. Stores vitamins A, D, and B complex
___D___ 5. Bile
D. Emulsifies fat and is produced by the
liver
___I ___ 6. Flatulence
___E___ 7. Glycogen
E. Polysaccharide stored in the liver
F. Passing of substance into the body
tissues & fluids
___C___ 8. Liver
G. Helps digest fatty foods
___M___ 9. Enzymes
___L___ 10. Cardiac sphincter
H. Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down
proteins into amino acids
I. Excessive gas in the digestive tract
___A___ 11. Pyloric sphincter
J. The act of chewing
___G___ 12. Gallbladder
___N___ 13. Chyme
K. Chemical substances that promote
chemical reactions during digestion
___O___ 14. Palate
L. Circular muscle; controls passage of
food into stomach
___P___ 15. Large intestine
M. Semi liquid food found in the large
intestine
N. Separates the oral cavity from the
nasal cavity
O. Water re-absorption
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2.08 Process of Digestion
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Answer the following questions in your own words. Participate in class
discussion to share responses.
1.
Compare mechanical and chemical digestion.
2.
Describe the process that saliva is responsible for in the mouth.
3.
Explain what happens to the food in the stomach.
4.
Chyme leaves the stomach and enters into the small intestine. Describe the
chemical reactions that occur.
5.
The gall bladder and pancreas are 2 accessory organs that assist in
digestion. Explain how the pancreatic juice gets to the duodenum and what
the enzymes do at this point.
6.
Describe the location and function of the 3 main accessory organs.
7.
Explain how the large intestine finishes the digestive process.
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2.08 Common Disorders of the Digestive System
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Use this handout to record notes and class discussion while viewing the
PowerPoint presentation.
Disorder
Signs & Symptoms
Treatment
Anorexia
Caries
Cholecystitis
Cirrhosis
Cleft palate
Constipation
Diarrhea
Gastroenteritis
Gastroesophogeal
reflux disease
Hepatitis
Irritable bowel
syndrome
Peptic ulcers
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2.08 Mystery Diagnosis
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Read the scenario and answer the following questions. You may record
class discussions on the back of the handout as necessary.
CC:
HPI:
PE:
Labs:
Imaging:
A 50 year-old woman presents with chest pain and burping exacerbated
by eating.
The patient states that her symptoms are worsened when she lies down.
She has a 30 year history of smoking (1/2 pack per day), and is currently
being treated with diltiazem for hypertension.
VS: BP = 146/92, HR = 82, RR = 18. Physical examination reveals a
tender epigastrium on deep palpation.
Endoscopy obtained mucosal biopsies show changes to the normal
esophageal mucosa.
A barium swallow study reveals refluxed barium back into the esophagus
from the stomach.
1. What does the word “exacerbated” mean?
2. Where is the epigastric region of the abdomen?
3. Which of the vital signs is abnormal? What is the correct medical term for this normal
vital sign?
4. What is an endoscope?
5. Is this patient’s chest pain caused by a cardiac (heart) condition? (Give your reasons)
6. What conditions other than cardiac disease can commonly cause chest pain?
7. Why does this patient’s pain worsen when lying down?
8. What is your diagnosis for this patient?
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2.08 Mystery Diagnosis
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
KEY
Directions: Read the scenario and answer the following questions. You may record
class discussions on the back of the handout as necessary.
CC:
HPI:
PE:
Labs:
Imaging:
A 50 year-old woman presents with chest pain and burping exacerbated
by eating.
The patient states that her symptoms are worsened when she lies down.
She has a 30 year history of smoking (1/2 pack per day), and is currently
being treated with diltiazem for hypertension.
VS: BP = 146/92, HR = 82, RR = 18. Physical examination reveals a
tender epigastrium on deep palpation.
Endoscopy obtained mucosal biopsies show changes to the normal
esophageal mucosa.
A barium swallow study reveals refluxed barium back into the esophagus
from the stomach.
1. What does the word “exacerbated” mean?
2. Where is the epigastric region of the abdomen?
3. Which of the vital signs is abnormal? What is the correct medical term for this normal
vital sign?
4. What is an endoscope?
5. Is this patient’s chest pain caused by a cardiac (heart) condition? (Give your reasons)
6. What conditions other than cardiac disease can commonly cause chest pain?
10.
Why does this patient’s pain worsen when lying down?
11.
What is your diagnosis for this patient? GERD
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2.08 Body Processes and Nutrients
Handout
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Use your text, reference, and/or internet sources to complete the chart. List
the nutrients that are needed to carry out the body function and foods that contain the
nutrients.
Nutrient
Body Process
CHO/Protein/
Lipids
Vitamin
Mineral
Food(s)
Normal bone & teeth
Normal blood clotting
Nucleic acid synthesis
Cellular respiration
Night Vision/Vision
Nervous System
Normal growth
Red blood cell synthesis
Primary source of energy
Wound Healing
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2.08 Body Processes and Nutrients
Handout
KEY
Name________________
Date_________________
Directions: Use your text, reference, and/or internet sources to complete the chart. List the nutrients that
are needed to carry out the body processes and what foods contain the nutrients.
Nutrient
Body Process
CHO/Protein/
Vitamin
Mineral
Food(s)
Lipids
C, D
Calcium
Fluorine
Phosphorous
Normal blood clotting
K
Calcium
Nucleic acid synthesis
B12
Folic Acid
Cellular respiration
B2
(riboflavin)
E
Night Vision/Vision
A,C, E
Omega-3
Zinc
Nervous System
B1, B12
Calcium
Potassium
Sodium
A,
B3(niacin)
Folic Acid
C, D
Magnesium
Zinc
B12
C, E
Folic Acid
Iron
Normal bone & teeth
Normal growth
Protein
Protein
Red blood cell synthesis
Primary source of energy
Carbohydrates
(CHO’s)
Lipids
Wound Healing
Protein
7240 Health Science I
Milk, liver, brain, beef,
egg yolk, salmon,
yeast, green
vegetables,
mushrooms, veal
Cheese, eggs, milk,
fish, meat, cereal,
enriched bread
Chromium
Magnesium
A, C
Summer 2012
Milk; cheese; dark
green vegetables; dried
legumes; sardines;
shellfish; meat
Green leafy vegetables;
cereal; milk; cheese;
shellfish
Sulfur
Zinc
Margarine; green &
yellow vegetables;
milk, eggs, liver; citrus
fruits; tomatoes;
potatoes; whole wheat;
shellfish
Chicken, fish, meat,
whole grain cereals &
breads, egg yolk,
salmon; cheese,
vegetables, fruits, table
salt
Whole grains; green
leafy vegetables; citrus
fruits; meats; nuts;
eggs; legumes; milk;
cheese;
Citrus fruits; milk;
salmon; beef; dark
green vegetables;
whole wheat; eggs;
mushrooms; shrimp
Meats; clams; wholegrain cereals;
vegetable oils; green
leafy vegetables; nuts;
fruit; brown rice/pasta
Meats; eggs; milk;
cheese; nuts; shellfish;
wheat bran; butter;
green & yellow
vegetables
194
2.08 Prototype Assessment Items
Note: These items illustrate the types of items used in the item bank for this objective.
All items have been written to match the cognitive process of the understand verb in the
objective. Questions require students to interpret, summarize or explain safety
procedures. These exact questions will not be used on the secured test, but questions
in similar formats will be used.
These assessment items may be used as prototypes by teachers and students to
generate similar items to comprise formative assessments for you classroom. This
strategy is especially helpful during the field test year when classroom item banks are
not available. Results of formative assessment should be used to diagnose levels of
mastery, determine if re-teaching is needed, and guide further instruction.
1.
Marvin is experiencing a burning sensation after eating. His symptoms are worse
after eating chocolate and fried foods. What digestive system disorder does
Marvin have?
A. Colitis
B. Colon cancer
C. Diverticulitis
D. GERD
D
2.
The patient presented at the doctor’s office with a complaint of vomiting. The
doctor noted abdominal swelling and jaundice. This patient’s condition is:
A. Anorexia
B. Cholecystitis
C. Cirrhosis
D. Gastroenteritis
C
3.
The person experiencing periods of diarrhea alternating with constipation likely has:
A. Anorexia
B. Cirrhosis
C. Hepatitis
D. Irritable bowel syndrome
D
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