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Hypertension Definition: blood pressure Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing through the arteries and is necessary for maintaining our circulation. With every heartbeat, the heart pumps blood through the arteries to all parts of the body. systolic blood pressure (SBP) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) resting blood pressure Definition: hypertension Hypertension’ is a persistently raised blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg. The blood pressure must be high, at least three consecutive measurements, measured at the same time of the day, in the correct way: in sitting, 33cm cuff, arm position at the level of the heart Potential consequences of Hypertension Coronary heart disease (angina, heart attack) Stroke (thrombosis and hemorrhagic) Heart failure (heart strain – especially left ventricular) Chronic kidney disease (including established renal failure) Aortic aneurysm (dilated aorta with risk of massive internal hemorrhage) Retinal disease (visual impairment), and Peripheral vascular disease (clogged blood supply to the limbs). Blood Pressure Values Normal BP: 100/60 mmHg – 140/90mmHg Low BP: < 100/60 mmHg High BP: >140/90 mmHg Types of hypertension Essential (or primary) hypertension Secondary hypertension Malignant (accelerated) hypertension Gestational hypertension ‘White-coat hypertension’ Risk factors Unmodifiable risk factors Modifiable risk factors Unmodifiable risk factors Age and gender Ethnicity Family history Diabetes (Type 1) Modifiable risk factors Excess dietary salt Low dietary potassium Overweight and obesity Physical inactivity Excess alcohol Smoking Cold homes Socioeconomic status Psychosocial stressors Diabetes (type 2) Low birth weight Being formula-fed as a baby COMMUNITY BASED INTERVENTIONS