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Identify the three underlying causes for the fall of the Athenians from power. Detail the events surrounding the trial and death of Socrates. Understand the role the plague and the Peloponnesian War had on Athens. Demonstrate an understanding of the contributions of Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic Age. •Three events led to the downfall of the Golden Age of Greece. •In addition, a young leader from Macedonia, named Alexander, will reshape the world. •1. The Trial of Socrates. •Socrates criticized many leaders and politicians. •Socrates was put on trial in Athens, in 339 BC. •Accused of corrupting the youth of Athens, and abandoning the gods, or creating other gods. •He had embarrassed many wealthy and powerful men who wished to humble him. •They asked for a formal apology from Socrates. •In a speech called “The Apology”, Socrates did not apologize to the Senate. •He was found guilty and sentenced to death. “The Death of Socrates” •Many saw this as the symbolic end of Athens. Socrates was forced to take poisoned hemlock. •2nd – Cause for the fall of the Greeks: •A deadly plague broke out in Athens in 430 BC. •Ripping through the city, it killed thousands. “…men were seized first with intense heat of the head…sneezing, and severe coughing…when it settled in the stomach, vomits of bile ensued…patients died, as most of them did on the seventh or ninth day…” - Excerpts from “The Plague in Athens” by Thucydides in 430 BC. •3rd - The Peloponnesian War Athens versus Sparta – Athens had been expanding territories. •This was threatening to the allies of Sparta. •In 404 BC, the Spartans forced the surrender of Athens. A Greek Phalanx – image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons. •The entire Greek world continued to decline after this. •In 330 BC, the king of Macedonia, Alexander began to exert his control over the Greek peninsula. Bust of Alexander the Great – image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons. •Tutored by Aristotle and trained in war by his father, Alexander was a very strong leader. •In 330 BC, Alexander the Great defeated the Persian King, Darius III. “Alexander attacking Darius” Mosaic from Pompeii. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons. •Alexander went on to conquer the known world. •The extent of Alexander’s empire is seen above. He spread the Hellenistic (Greek) culture east. Image courtesy of Wikipedia Commons. •Alexander was “great” because he never lost a battle. •He united the east and the west. “Alexander attacking Darius” Mosaic from Pompeii. Courtesy Wikipedia Commons. •He spread the Hellenistic (Greek) culture with the east.