Download 1 Classical and Hellenistic Greece The Golden Age of Athens I

Classical and Hellenistic Greece
The Golden Age of Athens
I.
Pericles
a. Began as a ________________________________
b. Considered the greatest _________________________ of all time
i. Literally means “__________________________________” and refers to
________________________________________________________________
c. In ______________, Pericles got elected ______________________________________
i. This was meant to be ___________________________
ii. Pericles was ____________________________________________
iii. Set about expanding the power of Athens
II.
Building
a. Walls:
b. The Parthenon
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III.
Democracy
a. __________________ expanded the number of citizens by allowing
______________________________________________
i. Later expanded it to ____________________________________________
b. Created a __________________________ for members of the government which meant that
______________________________________________________
IV.
Life of Greek Citizens
a. Most Athenians sold their goods and worked at the _________________, the
__________________________ of the city
i. Used ____________________________________ as currency
ii. Citizens typically worked as ________________________________________________________
iii. Most citizens wore tunics of _______________________________________________________
1. Only the richest citizens wore tunics made of ______________________
a. Wealthiest wore _____________________________
b. Made of _____________________________________________
V.
Law
a. If accused of a crime citizens would go to law courts
b. Both sides would present ___________________ before a ____________________________________,
the number depending on the crime
c. At the end the Jury would vote to punish or free the accused
i. Punishments could include ________________________________________________________
VI.
Women
a. Women typically worked ________________________
i. Most common job was ________________________________________
ii. Took care of ________________________________________________________
iii. People typically married around __________________________________
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VII.
Non-Citizens
a. _________________ were non-citizens
i. Treated as ______________ by citizens, were required to _______________________________
___________________________________________________
ii. Could still ___________________________________________________________________
b. ____________________ had no rights at all
c. Often worked grueling labor on ________________________
d. Some educated slaves were kept to ______________________________________________________
e. Worst job was ________________________________________________________________________
Athenian Philosophers
I.
Athens was home to numerous _______________________
a. Many were also ________________________ and _____________________
II.
Monists
a. Believed that all creation came ________________________________________
i. Example:
ii. Believed that mankind could use _________________ to discover ___________________
iii. Ridiculed the _____________________ as silly
III.
Atomism
a. Believed that everything was made up of _______________________________
i. Argued that ___________________________________________________________________
IV.
Sophists
a. Believed that the primary goal of mankind should be ________________________________________
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i. Believed the best way to achieve this was through ___________________________________
ii. Called it _______________________________
iii. Sophists taught students how to better ___________________ in order to learn
V.
The Cynics
a. Believed that the goal of life was to _______________________________________
b. Argued that __________________________________________________________
i. Rejected _______________________________________________________
c. Famously led by ______________ who led a life of ______________________
VI.
Socrates
a. Most famous of the ___________________________
b. Taught using the ______________________ a series of ________________ designed to
_________________________________________
c. Taught that the highest virtue was ____________________, encouraged people to _______________
____________________________________
Greek Science
I.
Aristarchus
a. Discovered that the Earth _______________________ by studying the movement of
_______________________
II.
Eratosthenes
a. First to use the term ________________________
b. Calculated the ____________________________________________________
c. Created the first _______________________________________________________________________
d. Accurately calculated the distance from the __________________ to the ________________________
III.
Archimedes
a. Discovered many of the concepts of __________________________
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b. The fulcrum and lever: __________________________________________________________________
c. Discovered how to use __________________________________________________________________
IV.
Medicine
a. Hippocrates
i. First to argue that diseases were ___________________________________________________
ii. Sought natural cures for diseases including surgery
iii. Encouraged and taught study of ___________________________
iv. Famous for his motto, “_________________________________________”
The Peloponnesian War
I.
429BCE _______________ declares war on ______________
II.
Feared they were becoming too powerful
a. _____________ had begun conquering former ________________________ outside of Greece
b. ______________ gave them an _____________________
i. Definition: _____________________________________________________________________
ii. Said __________________________________________________________________________
III.
Sparta invades Athens
a. Unable to attack city directly thanks to _______________
b. Burn surrounding __________________
c. Pericles calls all citizens inside the walls
i. ____________________ breaks out within the city
ii. _____________________________________________________________________________
IV.
Athenians ____________ and push _______________________________________
V.
Athenians, weakened for war, begin ______________________________________
VI.
_______________________ begin supporting ____________________, hoping to see _________________
____________________________________
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VII.
Battle of ____________________________
a. Athenian fleet had been _____________________________
i. Running low on _______________________________
ii. Decide to land at port for supplies, unaware that ___________________________________
iii. While Athenian Sailors are on-land, the Spartans ______________________________________
________________________________________________
VIII.
Both sides ______________________________ by the war
a. Without its fleet ___________________ forced to surrender
b. Sparta faces ____________________________, forced to pull back
IX.
Results: ________________________________________________________________________________
a. Persia becomes ______________________________________________________________________
End of the Golden Age
I.
During the War, Athenians grew ____________________________________________________________
II.
Socrates put on trial for _______________________________________________
a. Sentenced to death for ____________________________________________
b. Taught his students up until the moment he died
III.
Athens becomes _____________________________________________________
Hellenistic Period
I.
Hellenistic means _____________________________
a. Definition: ____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
II.
Macedonia was a ______________________________________________________________
a. Led by _________________________, a great warrior
i. Established a ________________________________________________________
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ii. Considered a military genius
b. Macedonians perfected the Greek technique of the ______________________________
III.
Philip invades and conquers ________________ in ____________________
IV.
Reorganized ________________ and made them part of his amy
V.
Wished to take on __________________ but ___________________________________________________
a. Was murdered by _____________ before he could invade
i. His son ________________ puts down rebellion, and ___________________________________
______________________________________________________
Conquests of Alexander the Great
I.
Defeated the ______________ army at the Battle of _________________, conquers all of
____________________
II.
Conquered _______________ and ______________ before moving onto _____________________
III.
_______________________ of the Persians was betrayed by ___________________ and
________________________. Tried to make _____________________________________________
a. Alexander ____________________________________________ and had himself declared
_________________________________________________
IV.
Alexander attempts to invade _____________________________
a. Encounters troops of the ______________________, including
______________________________________
b. Fights several harsh battles against Indian forces
V.
At the ____________________, his troops revolt demand to __________________________________
VI.
Alexander returns to _____________ to discover ____________________________________________
a. Has several of them __________________________
b. Before he can begin conquests again, ___________________________________________________
i. With no male heir, ___________________________________________________________
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Legacy of Alexander
I.
Alexander spread ______________________________________________________
II.
Greek writings and teachings spread over the world
a. Greek ideas would become the basis of __________________________________
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