Download Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent Study Guide ANSWERS

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Unit 2 TEST - Mesopotamia, Fertile Crescent and Sumer Study Guide
1) Fertile Crescent-A CURVING STRIP OF FERTILE LAND REACHING FROM THE
MEDITERRANEAN SEA TO THE PERSIAN GULF
2) Silt
(a mixture of rich soil and small rocks)
3) Irrigation-THE PROCESS OF BRINGING WATER FROM ITS SOURCE TO FIELDS AND GARDENS
4) artisans-SKILLED CRAFTSMEN
5) Surplus(more than needed)
6) Division of Labor-THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENT JOBS AND TASKS WITHIN A
CULTURE
7) City-State -AN INDEPENDENT CITY AND ITS SURROUNDING COUNTRYSIDE
8)pictographs-CHARACTERS THAT STAND FOR OBJECTS
9) cuneiform-A SUMERIAN SYSTEM OF WRITING CONSISTING OF WEDGED SHAPED
SYMBOLS
10) Empire-A GROUP OF TERRITORIES OR NATIONS UNDER A SINGLE RULER OR
GOVERNMENT
11) Social Hierarchy( a division of society by rank or class)
12) polytheism-THE BELIEF THAT THERE IS MORE THAT ONE GOD
13)civilization - COMPLEX SOCIETY WITH CITIES,ORGANIZED
GOVERNMENT,ART,RELIGION,CLASS DIVISIONS, AND A WRITNG SYSTEM
14)province (a political district)
15)caravan – A GROUP OF TRAVELING MERCHANTS AND THEIR ANIMALS
16) astronomer (person who studies the stars)
17)Sargon-THE AKKADIAN KING WHO CREATED THE FIRST EMPIRE
18)Hammurabi-THE BABYLONIAN KING WHO CREATED THE FIRST SET OF WRITTEN LAWS
19)Nebuchadnezzar-THE CHALDEAN KING WHO BUILT A HANGING GARDEN
20.) Where was Mesopotamia located( continent and near what modern country) ?
CONTINENT OF ASIA NEAR MODERN IRAQ
21). Which two land features gave Mesopotamia its name?
TIGRIS AND EUPHRATES RIVERS
22). In Mesopotamia, what allowed people to become craftsman and other farmers?
A DIVISION OF LABOR
23) Who served a role between the Sumerians and the gods?PRIESTS
24) Who was the first ruler to have a permanent army and establish an empire? SARGON
25)What technology did the Assyrians use in battle?CHARIOTS AND IRON WEAPONS
26)What was the social hierarchy of Sumer?
TOP-PRIESTS,KINGS,SCRIBES,GOVERNMENT WORKERS
MIDDLE-ARTISANS, FARMERS, MERCHANTS, FISHERMEN
BOTTOM-SLAVES
28)Why were rivers so important to all the civilizations in this unit?
THE RIVERS PROVIDED FERTILE SOIL, AND LATER ON TRANSPORTATION.
29)The people who lived in Southern Mesopotmia and established the first civilization were THE
SUMERIANS.
30)What are some of the challenges of the civilizations in Mesopotamia?
THE PEOPLE NEVER KNEW WHEN THE FLOODS WERE COMING AND THEY HAD TO LEARN
HOW TO IRRIGATE THEIR FIELDS.
31)What are the six characteristics of a civilization?
CLASS DIVISIONS, CITIES, RELIGION, ART, WRITTEN LANGUAGE, ORGANIZED
GOVERNMENTS
32)What does “Mesopotamia mean?” THE LAND BETWEEN THE RIVERS
33)What was Hammurabi’s Code? A SET OF WRITTEN LAWS COVERING ALL ASPECTS OF LIFE
THOUGHT TO BE THE FIRST SET OF WRITTEN LAWS
34)What did Nebuchadnezzar create? HE CREATED HANGING GARDENS
35) On what number did the Sumerians develop a math system ? 60
36)Who were the Phoenicians and what were they experts at? THEY WERE A GROUP OF PEOPLE
WHO LIVED ALONG THE COAST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA WHO BECAME EXPERT
SAILORS AND TRADERS
37)Whose alphabet is our alphabet-set of letters based on? OUR ALPHABET IS BASED ON THE
ROMANS WHO TOOK THEIRS FROM GREECE WHO TOOK THEIR FROM THE PHOENICIANS
38)What is the following an example of? ZIGGURAT-VERY TOP WAS A TEMPLE WHERE THE
CITY’S GOD WAS THOUGHT TO RESIDE