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Name: ___________________ Date: ___________ Review Sheet for Mesopotamia Test Why did people move away from the Zagros Mountains? The mountains were getting too populated. There was not enough room to farm. Why did people move to the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? They moved there because the land was fertile for farming and there was a fresh water source. What major problem did farmers have to deal with once they moved to Mesopotamia? They had to deal with the uncontrollable water supply. What modern day country is Mesopotamia located in? Iraq Government What ruler had a significant impact on the government and law of Mesopotamia? King Hammurabi What evidence do we have of law in Mesopotamia? We found Hammurabi’s Code with all the laws written in cuneiform. What is one example of Hammurabi’s Code? Was this law harsh or fair? One example is eye for an eye. What do Hammurabi’s laws tell us about society at that time? This tells us that some people were treated unfairly due to their social status. Society was also strict. People were not looked at equally. Language What was the written language of Mesopotamia? Cuneiform What were the benefits of the written language? Name at least two reasons. (How did it help the people of Mesopotamia?) The language helped people communicate. It also helped scribes keep records of crops, trade, taxes, etc. Who were the people that recorded information? Could anyone have this job? Scribes were people who could write. Only boys from wealthy families could have this job. What materials did scribes use to write with? Reeds and clay tablets. Advances in Technology Invention How did it help life in Mesopotamia? Seeder plow Writing It allowed farmers to seed and plow at the same time, which let farmers farm faster. Helped keep records, it helped people communicate Sail It helped people navigate across rough waters Wheel It helped people move from place to place faster and easier Number system It helped people keep records, keep a sense of time, to use math based on 60 Calendar It helped people keep track of dates, hold religious festivals Religion Were the people of Mesopotamia monotheistic or polytheistic? What evidence do we have of this? The people were polytheistic. We know this because we found evidence of the ziggurat, which was where they went to pray to multiple gods. Each city-state dedicated their ziggurat to one particular god although they believed in many gods. What was the purpose of the ziggurat? It was used to pray to many gods and to store/distribute extra crops. Why was the ziggurat located in the center of the city-state? So that everyone could see it and it was easier to get to. Religion was at the center of their lives, so the ziggurat was at the center of the city-state. Food Supply What was the main source of food for the people of Mesopotamia? Fish and farming How did people control water to help their farms? What is one example of this process? They controlled it through irrigation. One example is that they dug canals, built levees, dams. How did irrigation help form city-states? Irrigation formed city-states because the canals were originally connected between farms, so farmers had to help one another. Then they came together to form city-states. When was irrigation a challenge? Irrigation was a challenge when the silt clogged up the canals or when the irrigation systems flooded. Economy What was the economy of Mesopotamia? Trade What were some goods that people traded? Oil, textiles, precious stones, grains, wine Why did the people of Mesopotamia have to trade? They had to trade because they did not have enough natural resources. Name one way that people transported goods and why it was helpful. Through sailboat, through a cart, donkey, walking, river raft. These all helped people because it helped transport goods and people faster. Social Structure Draw the social pyramid and label it with the appropriate specializations Upper class: priests, landowners, government officials, kings Middle class: Merchants, artisans, farmers, fisherman Lower class: Slaves People of higher social class lived closer to the center of the city-state.