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Neural reward circuits for various drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, nicotine, and ethanol) in a sagittal section of rat brain. A limbic–extrapyramidal
motor interface is apparent. Dashed lines indicate limbic glutamatergic afferent inputs to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Purple lines represent efferent
signals from the NAc believed to be involved in drug reward. Bold blue lines indicate projections of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, which are
believed to be critical substrates for drug reward. This dopamine system originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects to the NAc, olfactory
tubercle, ventral striatal domains of the caudate–putamen (C–P), and amygdala (AMG), among other regions. Red dashed lines represent major
glutamatergic inputs to the NAc. Brown lines indicate opioid peptide–containing neurons, which comprise systems that may be involved in opiate, ethanol,
Source: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders, Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience, 3e
and possibly nicotine reward; these systems include local enkephalinergic circuits (short segments) and the hypothalamic β-endorphin circuit (long
Citation:
EJ,the
Hyman
SE, Holtzman
DM, Malenka
Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience, 3e; 2015
segment). Gold
areasNestler
indicate
approximate
distribution
of GABARC.
A receptor complexes that may mediate sedative/hypnotic (ethanol) reward. Green
Available
at:
http://mhmedical.com/
Accessed:
May
13,
2017
solid structures indicate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are located
on dopaminergic, opioid peptidergic, and glutamatergic neurons. AC, anterior
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McGraw-Hill
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commissure; ARC, arcuate nucleus; Cer, cerebellum; DMT, dorsomedial thalamus; FC, frontal cortex; Hippo, hippocampus; IF, inferior colliculus; LC,
locus coeruleus; LH, lateral hypothalamus; OT, olfactory tract; PAG, periaqueductal gray; RPn, raphe pontis nucleus; SC, superior colliculus; SNr,