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Formative
By: Christian Reyner Wibisono 6B
Moons
O Europa (Jupiter): Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius discovered
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Europa moon on January 8th 1610.
Earth’s moon: The distance from the moon to our planet is
around 384403 kilometres (238857 miles).
Deimos (Mars): ). Most people think that Deimos and Phobos
are asteroids’ because their irregular shape and small size.
Phobos (Mars): Phobos moon was first discovered by A.Hall,
which has been discovered on 1877.
Iapetus (Saturn): The meaning of its name was the son of
Uranus. It is the third-largest moon in the planet Saturn.
Miranda (Uranus): . Miranda was named after the daughter of
the magician Prospero in Shakespeare's play The Tempest.
Larissa (Neptune): The meaning of Larissa in Greek mythology
is a love of Poseidon and eponymous nymph of the city in
Thessaly.
Thalassa (Neptune): Thalassa was named after a daughter of
Aether and Hemera from Greek mythology.
Saturn
O Planet Saturn Name is from the roman god of
agriculture. Saturn are also called the gas
Giants. Saturn is the second biggest planet on
the solar system. Saturn is also famous because
of its rings the rings of Saturn are made of
mostly rocks and ice in Saturn there is like 5360 Moon’s. Saturn was the last planet that can
been seen without a telescope and the condition
in Saturn is really cold probably because of the
ice clouds that turn it to water.
Neptune
O Neptune is the eighth planet in our solar system.
It is the farthest planet from the sun. It is the
fourth largest planet in the solar system, and is
the third heaviest from the solar system.
O It is one of the 4 planets that is called a gas
giants, and the other three is Uranus, Saturn,
and also Jupiter. Neptune is the smallest
amongst these planets, and also the coldest.
Neptune is smaller than Uranus. It is 54 times
bigger than earth, and it is about 4 times the
diameter of Earth
Jupiter
O Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest
planet within the Solar System. One of the storm is
called the Great Red Spot Jupiter is classified as a gas
giant along with Saturn, Uranus and Neptune but it is
the biggest of the gas giant and Jupiter have stronger
winds and storms than Earth . Together, these four
planets are sometimes called as the Jovian or outer
planets.
O Jupiter have a rough conditions such as the temperature
at the inner layer of the clouds, temperatures can reach
-145° C, while just above the core, where the planetary
pressure has liquefied the hydrogen in the air, the
temperature could reach 9,726 Celsius. The weather is
also hostile the winds are able to reach 300 mph and
above.
O Jupiter's average distance from the sun is about 778
million kilometers. Jupiter is about 629 million
kilometers away from earth. This is why Jupiter takes 1112 Earth years to complete a single orbit and why Earth
have a complete orbit in 365 ¼ days.
Earth’s Moon
O The celestial object which revolves round the
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earth; the satellite of the earth; a secondary
planet, whose light, borrowed from the sun, is
reflected to the earth, and serves to dispel the
darkness of night.
Diameter: 3,476 km
Size: (the picture)
Mass: 7.349 x 1022 kg
A lunar month is the time the moon takes to
pass through a complete cycle of its phases and
is measured from New Moon to New Moon.
Comets
A comet is an icy small Solar System body (SSSB) that, when
close enough to the Sun, displays a visible coma (a thin, fuzzy,
temporary atmosphere) and sometimes also a tail.
These phenomena are both due to the effects of solar
radiation and the solar wind upon the nucleus of the comet.
Comet nuclei range from a few hundred meters to tens
of kilometers across and are composed of loose collections of
ice, dust, and small rocky particles. Comets have been
observed since ancient times and have traditionally been
considered bad omens.
O Comets have a wide range of orbital periods, ranging from a
few years to hundreds of thousands of years. Short-period
comets originate in the Kuiper belt, or its associated scattered
disc, which lie beyond the orbit of Neptune. Longer-period
comets are thought to originate in the Oort cloud, a
hypothesized spherical cloud of icy bodies in the outer Solar
System. Long-period comets plunge towards the Sun from the
Oort cloud because of gravitational perturbations caused by
either the massive outer planets of the Solar System
(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune), or passing stars.
Rare hyperbolic comets pass once through the inner Solar
System before being thrown out into interstellar
space along hyperbolic trajectories.
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Galaxies
O Galaxy is the result of more than billions of star
combining themselves into shapes that is now known
as galaxy. It is a collection of stars, gas, and dust
combine together because of gravity.
O The name Milky Way galaxy came from the name
milky, which means the glowing band in the night sky.
Milky way galaxy is he galaxy that belongs to our solar
system. It is a barred spiral galaxy, 100,000 –
120,000 light years in the diameter(1 light years is
about 9.5x1015 meters) and it consist of 200 – 400
billions of stars. Our solar system is located in just a
very small parts of the this galaxy. Milky way galaxy is
is a part/ member of the local galaxies. This galaxy
doesn’t have a really strong a big gravity and magnet,
because the stars only have really thin/ small gravity
that is loses from other celestial objects. As a whole,
this galaxy is moving 552 to 630 km per second.
Milky way is special of it’s darkness and could be the
most heaviest galaxy in the galaxy neighborhood.
Venus
O Venus is a astronomy mythology, Venus was
the Roman goddess of love and beauty. In
Greek, her name was Aphrodite.
O The diameter of Venus is 7,519 miles
(12,100 km). Venus is the second planet
from the sun.
O Venus is the hottest planet in the Solar
System. The temperature in the surface is
about 860° Fahrenheit or 460° Celsius.
O As we know Venus is the brightest planet in
the milkyway galaxy. The color of Venus is
more like caramel brown.
Earth
O Earth is a small, rocky planet which supports a variety of life! As
far as we know, Earth is unique from all other planets. Earth is
the 3rd planet from the sun, and the densest, 5th largest of the 8
planets in the Solar System. Earth is also the largest of the 4
terrestrial planets. It is sometimes called the blue planet
because of its color or its latin name Terra. Earth formed
approximately 4.54 billions years ago by accretion.
Earth have layers.
The layers are:
O Core: Innermost part of the earth
O Mantle: 2nd layer of the earth
O Crust: Outer layer of the earth
O Earth interacts with other space objects but mostly it is the Sun
and Moon. During one orbit around the sun, the Earth rotates
about its own axis 366.26 times, creating 365.26 solar days or 1
sidereal years. The Earth’s axis rotation is tilted 23.4’ degrees,
producing seasonal variations and then a one whole year.
Stars
O A star is a sphere that is held together by the force of
gravity. It is sometimes seen from earth but it is very small
because the distance is very far from a solar system to
another.
O Actually a star’s life cycle is almost the same as human life
cycle. First it is born which is called protostar. When the
protostar is old enough it will begin fusing hydrogen into
helium. The star will start the main sequence or the star
will be entering adulthood.
O Diameter : 1,390,000
O Mass : 1,989 e 30 kg
O Temperature : 5,800 k (surface)
15,600,000 K (core)
Even though sun is considered big and huge it is stil a
medium sized star. There are many other stars that is
almost 10 times our sun.
Mercury
O The Planet Mercury is the closest planet to our sun and is the
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smallest planet in the solar system. It is named after a roman god.
Mercury is the first planet of our solar system and it is next to the
sun.
Mercury characteristics it has 2 sides once that is very hot that facing
to the sun and one is very cold in facing opposites ways.
Mercury, the innermost planet, is 0.4 A.U. from the Sun on the
average. It revolves about the Sun once every 88 days in an orbit that
is the most elliptical of any planet except Pluto.
Mercury (Hg) is an element and a natural part of our universe. It has
been identified on the sun and found in meteorites and moon rocks
Color of mercury: grey Mercury has practically no atmosphere, so we
just see the rocky surface.
Mercury is the smallest planet in both mass and diameter. It is about
18 times less massive than Earth. With a diameter of about 3,032
miles (4,879 kilometers), Mercury is not quite two fifths the size of
Earth. It is only about a third larger than Earth's Moon.
Weight: 284 times your weight equals your weight on Mercury
orbit: 57,910,000 km (0.38 AU) from Sun
The Sun
O The Sun was named sol after the ancient roman name.
The Sun was born in a vast cloud of gas and dust
around 5 billion years ago, when that happen, the Sun
began to have light and energy and heat because of the
spark of the rocks. The sun is the main source of light
and heat, all of the planets need it for them to be warm
instead of being very cold and freezing.
O The history of the Sun is that it has been changing
colors and sometimes it get’s hotter and hotter because
the seasons and the hotness in the earth is hotter so
the sun is getting hotter and hotter .The sun started
because of some rocks that form together and when the
rocks spark it becomes the sun and it becomes the
main source of light and energy. The sun was born four
and a half billion years ago.
Mars
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Mars name is after the Greek God of war Martius and Martialis.. Mars were called the
red planet because most of the rock in Mars in red so that’s why Mars is called the red
planet.
Mars has higher mountains, and deeper canyons than any other planet. The largest
canyon on Mars would stretch from New York City to Los Angeles on the Earth. That
makes the Grand Canyon look tiny. It also has the Solar System's biggest volcano,
Olympus Mons, which is nearly 3 times larger than Mount Everest. If you weighed 70
pounds (32 kg) on the Earth, you would weigh about 27 pounds (12 kg) on Mars. The
diameter in Mars is 6.780 km(4,213 miles). That makes 53% diameter in earth. Mars is
228.000.000km away from the sun. Martian years is equal to 1.8809 earth years
The properties in Mars are all rocks. The color of the rocks are red. That’s why when we
see Mars it looks like the whole planet are full with red. That’s why it called the red
planet. All of the gasses are also red. It combined with the rock dust and it mixed with
the gasses. So it turned it red.
Mars temperature is -55 c to -133 c. but when it is summer the temperature went up to
27 c
Planet Mars is called Mars because the name is after the Greek god of war. It is also
called the red planet because of it’s reddish, iron-rich soil.
1 year in Mars is around 687 day in earth.
1 day in mars is 24 hour and 39 minutes earth.
Uranus
O Uranus is a gas giant. But Uranus is a little different.
Unlike all the other planets and most of the moons in
our Solar System, Uranus spins on its side. It is
believed that long ago a very large object smashed
into this planet. The crash was so powerful that it
completely changed the direction of Uranus' planetary
rotation.
EARTH VS SATURN
O Earth is better than Saturn because Earth is the best
planets for humans, animals, and plants to live because
Earth have trees while trees produce oxygen 02 we also
have a atmosphere that can guild us so that if theirs a
meteor the atmosphere can protect the Earth planet by
destroying the meteor. Meteor is just an examples. There
are many more things like meteor like comets and etc.
While Saturn there will be more gravity less oxygen and no
atmosphere. We will die if we life there because animal
cant live and plants too so we cant eat animal meat or
vegetables, so Earth is better than Saturn. But Saturn have
a huge and famous rings around him. But the advantage of
planet Saturn is that he is the second biggest planet on the
solar system but Saturn is an gas giant planet. Saturn are
made of mostly rocks and ice in Saturn there is like 53-60
Moon’s