Download 5.1 Matter and Atoms

5.1 MATTER AND ATOMS
MATTER AND ATOMS
What is matter?
 Anything w/mass and volume.
 Volume is the space that an object takes up.
 Mass: is the material an object is made of.
(essentially everything) Composed of elements
MATTER AND ATOMS
What is an element?
Substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler substance.
ex. Gold is only gold atoms or silver
is only silver atoms…
Periods are arranged
horizontally
Groups/Families are arranged
vertically
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
The atom are composed into three sections:
Nucleus (center of the atom) – made up of
protons (positive charge)and neutrons (no
charge)
Electrons (in the outer shells)- have a
negative charge.
CLASSIFYING ATOMS
STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM
Atomic Number – The number of protons in an
atom. Equal to the number of e-.
The atomic mass – the avg. of an elements isotopes.
Isotopes – When an element has a different # of
neutrons than another atom of the same element.
Mass Number – The sum of the protons and
neutrons
BONDING OF ATOMS
Compounds – Substance made of multiple atoms.
Ex. NaCl (Salt)
BONDING OF ATOMS
Covalent Bonds
– Compounds
that form
when
electrons are
shared b/t
atoms
BONDING OF ATOMS
Ionic Bonds –
Bonds
where
electrons
are lost or
gained to
another
atom.
Usually b/t
metal and
nonmetal.
COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
Compounds don’t have the same
properties as their base
components.
Ex. Na and Cl are poisonous, but
together they form table salt.
+
Chlorine
=
Sodium
Salt
COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
Mixtures are not the same as
a compound. Mixtures can be
separated by physical means.