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Victorious Athens Does victory mean tyranny? “Ostracism” = ten-year exile Political change: lottery instead of elections Persian War: Thermopylae and Salamis King Xerxes of Persia (486-465 BCE) Wants to control Empire’s western border Persian War: Thermopylae and Salamis King Xerxes of Persia (486-465 BCE) Wants to control Empire’s western border Greek and Persian alliances? 481 BCE = Persians are coming . . . Fall 480 BCE = Battle of Thermopylae King Leonidas of Sparta (490-480 BCE) Greeks retreat Fall 480 BCE = Battle of Salamis Naval victory for the Greeks Summer 479 BCE = Battle of Plataea Stops the Persian invasion The Athenian Empire Athens goes on the offensive 478 BCE = Delian League established Greeks “liberate” city-states from Persia The Athenian Empire Athens goes on the offensive 478 BCE = Delian League established Greeks “liberate” city-states from Persia Athenian Imperialism Classical Athens By 450 BCE = Athens is very powerful Total pop. = 350,000 Slaves make up over 25% of Athens Two-track residency: Citizens and “metics” (foreign residents) Athenian women By 450 BCE, only military leaders were elected “demogogues” Pericles: Expanding Democracy Pericles (ca. 495-429 BCE) Military leader, orator Populist Public works programs No property required for citizenship Paid juries Restricted citizenship Foreign Policy: focus on Sparta, not Persia The Megara problem 445 BCE = Thirty Years’ Peace b/t Sparta and Athens Pericles: Expanding Democracy Pericles (ca. 495-429 BCE) Military leader, orator Populist Public works programs No property required for citizenship Paid juries Restricted citizenship Foreign Policy: focus on Sparta, not Persia The Megara problem 445 BCE = Thirty Years’ Peace b/t Sparta and Athens 435 BCE = the problem of Corcyra 432 BCE = Sparta invades Attica The Peloponnesian War 431 BCE = Sparta reaches Athens 421 BCE = peace treaty Alcibiades (ca. 450-404 BCE) Hated democracy 415 BCE = led failed invasion of Syracuse Defects to Sparta 411 BCE = Athens installs an oligarchy 404 BCE = Sparta conquers Athens General Lysander of Sparta Origins of Western Philosophy Importance of democracy The Sophists “wise person” Socrates (ca. 470-399 BCE) “know thyself” 399 BCE = sentenced to death Origins of History Herodotus (ca. 484-ca. 420 BCE) “father of history” Wrote about the Persian Wars Thucydides (460-395 BCE) Historian of Peloponnesian War First political scientist Classical Greek Art Drama! Genres: tragedies, comedies, satyr plays Art! Reversal of black figure technique Classical Greek Art Drama! Genres: tragedies, comedies, satyr plays Art! Reversal of black figure technique Balanced, realist sculpture Architecture: Athenian acropolis
