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Revolutionary City Trees 15 Beech (Fagus grandifolia) 28 Mulberry, White (Morus alba) 43 Oak, Black (Q uercus velutina) 1 Maple, Red (Acer rubrum) 16 Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) 29 Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) 44 Oak, Live (Quercus virginiana) 2 Maple, Sugar (Acer saccharum) 17 Kentucky Coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioica) 30 Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) 45 Oak, Compton (Quercus x comptoniae) 3 Shadblow (Amelanchier canadensis) 18 American Holly (Ilex opaca) 31 Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) 46 Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) 4 River Birch (Betula nigra) 19 Yaupon Holly (Ilex vomitoria) 32 Pear (Pyrus communis) 47 Black Willow (Salix nigra) 5 Mulberry, Paper (Broussonetia papyrifera) 20 Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) 33 Oak, White (Quercus alba) 48 Basswood (Tilia americana) 6 Hornbean (Carpinus caroliniana) 21 Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) 34 Oak, Scarlet (Quercus coccinea) 49 Little Leaf Linden (Tilia cordata) 7 Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra) 22 Golden Rain Tree (Koelreuteria paniculata) 35 Oak, Southern Red (Quercus falcata) 50 Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) 8 Catalpa, Northern (Catalpa speciosa) 23 Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) 36 Oak, Darlington (Quercus hemisphaerica) 51 Elm, American (Ulmus americana) 37 Oak, Laurel (Quercus laurifolia) 52 Blackhaw Viburmun 9 Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) Governor’s Palace 10 Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) 8 1 23 12 Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentuckea) 13 Dogwood (Cornus florida) 23 5 49 53 14 Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas) 16 33 42 34 43 35 22 29 Bruton Parish Church 49 3 3 29 15 24 13 51 14 48 27 34 7 12 10 1 29 1 10 2 1 1 25 49 8 44 8 8 1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 23 23 8 8 23 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 38 36 1 39 40 40 Oak, Pin (Quercus palustris) 26 Magnolia, Southern 8 53 Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus) 39 Oak, Water (Quercus nigra) (Liriodendron tulipifera) 1 (Viburnum prunifolium) 38 Oak, Overcup (Quercus lyrata) 25 Tuliptree 11 Fringe Tree (Chionanthus virginicus) Blair House 24 Sweet Gum Governor’s (Liquidambar styraciflua) Palace (Magnolia grandiflora) 41 Oak, Willow (Quercus phellos) 27 Magnolia, Sweetbay 42 Oak, Northern Red (Quercus rubra) (Magnolia virginiana) Public Gaol 51 51 31 31 31 6 18 36 2 13 13 45 44 9 9 9 49 23 23 17 15 23 49 nicholson 36 10 30 street 31 31 49 19 4 44 2 44 2 1 49 Chownings Tavern Courthouse 8 8 10 48 2 42 31 2 34 51 2 2 33 1 34 39 35 35 24 1 2 49 51 44 36 51 24 10 51 44 51 24 41 41 Duke Of Gloucester Street 34 37 52 10 2 42 42 42 24 33 41 35 1 41 51 1 42 44 36 39 44 44 44 44 44 39 41 36 24 24 17 49 33 5 51 42 1 42 1 1 31 50 11 9 26 26 26 26 6 1 4 20 4 51 20 47 Raleigh Tavern 35 35 46 37 37 25 41 1 1 1 1 33 2 33 51 1 51 31 28 28 32 9 9 46 21 5 21 42 25 1 2 2 15 1 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 46 1 2 1 31 41 1 49 42 23 36 5 5 Shields Tavern 35 5 5 33 33 33 33 Capitol Tree Descriptions American Holly—The fruit produced by the female hollies are choice food for at least 18 species of birds. Beech—The acorns were commonly used for hog food and the wood was occasionally used to make furniture, block planes and household tools. Basswood—The long fibers of inner bark were used by Native Americans for cordage. Bees produce a delicious honey from the nectar secreted by the fragrant flowers. Black Gum—The extremely split resistant wood was used for tool handles and cart wheels. Kentucky Coffee Tree—A fairly rare North American tree, it was first discovered in Kentucky in the 1780’s. Linden, Little Leaf—Grinling Gibbons, a seventeenth-century English wood carver, produced ornamental wood carvings made primarily from linden wood. Loblolly Pine—This tree was one of the Southern Yellow Pine species used to obtain pitch, tar and turpentine. Magnolia, Southern—Mark Catesby brought Magnolia grandiflora to Britain in 1726, where it entered cultivation and overshadowed M. virginiana which had been collected a few years earlier. Black Locust—Carpenters used the durable wood to make trunnels, posts, ground sills, and bridge timbers. Magnolia, Sweetbay—In 1705 Robert Beverley attributed the sweetness of the Virginia woods to the fragrant flowers of this tree. Black Walnut—Black walnut has always been in high demand for wood products because of its color, strength, and durability. Maple, Red—Coopers used red maple to make hoops to hold barrels together. Black Willow—Native to Virginia, the black willow provides honeybees with nectar and pollen. Maple, Sugar—Somewhat harder than the red maple, the wood of sugar maple was used to make drums and gun stocks. Blackhaw Viburmun—Its common name refers to the black color of the old bark and the tree having a similar appearance to the hawthorns. Mulberry, Paper—Native to China and Japan, the inner bark has been used in making paper. Catalpa, Northern—The northern catalpas planted on the Palace Green are referenced in several documents, including a letter written by Thomas Jefferson. Chaste Tree—Gardeners at the Colonial Garden and Nursery use the pliable shoots to make wattle fences and plant trellises. Mulberry, White—White mulberry trees were imported to Virginia as early as the 1630’s for raising silk moths Oak, Black—This very dense wood was used in post and beam construction. A yellow dye was obtained from the inner bark. Cornelian Cherry—A member of the dogwood family, yellow flowers produced in early spring are followed by red fruit. Oak, Compton—The Compton oak is a natural cross between the live and overcup oaks. The tree by Nicolson Street on Market Square was planted in the 1930’s and is the State Champion. Crape Myrtle—The crape myrtle is believed to be first grown in Virginia by George Washington in 1786. Oak, Darlington—A medium-sized tree with semi-evergreen leaves in northern climates, its leaves are evergreen in the south. Dogwood—Dogwood is the Virginia state flower and colonists used the hard, dense wood for inlay work. Oak, Laurel—Native to southern coastal regions, laurel oak produces acorns which are an important food for wildlife. Eastern Red Cedar—The insect and rot resistant wood was used to make posts, rails, stools, benches, interior parts of furniture, and pencils. Oak, Live—Unlike the leaves of most other oaks, those on the live oak are evergreen. An important tree to early ship builders in Colonial America because of the extremely hard wood, the Constitution (Old Ironsides) was constructed with live oak planks sandwiched between white oak. Elm, American—The wood from American elms was used by the carriage maker to make wheel hubs because of its strong, split resistant properties. Fringe Tree—Birds relish the bluish-black fruit that ripens on female trees in the fall. Oak, Northern Red—The hard wood of the northern red oak was used by many colonial tradesmen including the blacksmith. Stock locks (locks with oak wood cases) were a common export from Virginia to England. Ginkgo—The oldest living seed plant, a leaf fossil was found that dates the Ginkgo back 270 million years. Oak, Overcup—Its common name refers to the acorn cap that entirely encloses the nut. Golden Rain Tree—Thomas Jefferson recorded growing this Asian ornamental tree at Monticello in 1809. Oak, Pin—The species name comes from palus, the Latin word for marsh, in reference to it thriving in wetlands. Hackberry—In addition to providing cover for wildlife, hackberries have narrow limb crotches that attract nesting birds. Oak, Scarlet—The common name is derived from the bright autumn foliage color. Hemlock—The bark is an important source of tanbark for tanning leather. Oak, Southern Red—The wood of the northern red, southern red, and white oaks was used by the cooper to make buckets, tubs, butter churns, and staves and headings for casks. Hickory, Pignut—Named “pignut” because hogs favored the nuts, the wood was used for drum sticks, ox yokes, tool handles and other items requiring strength and impact resistance. Hornbean—Also called ironwood because its wood is not subject to cracking or splitting, Colonists used the hard wood for making tool handles and spindles Oak, Water—The spatula-shaped, semi-evergreen leaves cling to the tree through mild winters. Oak, White—The uses of this wood are many, including basketmaking, construction, cooperage, fuel, and carriage-making. Oak, Willow—A stately oak with willow-like leaves, many animals use them for shelter, cover, and nesting. Pear—Pears, apples, cherries, and plums were popular fruits in Colonial times for making distilled spirits. River BirchThe leaves were used as an astringent by both native people and colonists. Shadblow—Also called serviceberry because the fruit was eaten by colonists, Indians, and wildlife, this small tree usually blooms when the shad run upriver to spawn. Sugarberry—Recognizable by its gray bark with “warty” patches, sugarberry fruit is eaten by at least ten species of birds. The Foundation actively manages the Revolutionary City’s ‘urban forest’ through the preservation of Sweet Gum—The native sweet gum was introduced to England in 1681 by John Banister, one of the original trustees and founders of the College of William and Mary. Sycamore—Low smoke fires using sycamore wood were sometimes made to quickly lower the humidity in tobacco barns. Tuliptree—Light hoe handles, ox yokes, and rafter poles were made from the soft, fine-grained wood of tulip trees. Yaupon Holly—Yaupon holly and boxwood are the primary plants used for topiary in Colonial Williamsburg’s gardens. Yellow wood—The common name is derived from the yellow color of the freshly cut heartwood. Historic Trees of existing trees and regular planting of different species. With over 55 Colonial genera of trees, visitors to Williamsburg see an assortment of species known to our colonial ancestors. The majority of trees Revolutionary City are native to the mid-Atlantic region. Those that are not native were introduced into the Virginia colony before 1800. in the This brochure identifies the major street trees in Colonial Williamsburg’s Revolutionary City. Information is also given on the ways that wood was used by 18thcentury tradesmen. Some of the items made from the wood of these trees can be seen at various trade shops throughout Colonial Williamsburg’s Revolutionary City. This brochure is made possible by a generous donation from Joan and Dave Healy. © 2013 The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation 1/13-8386011 A Self Guided Tour and Map