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12. Dogwood (Cornus florida) - The flowering dogwood, found throughout Georgia, is a showy and beautiful native tree. It is probably the most widespread ornamental tree in North America. The wood of flowering dogwood is very heavy and hard; it was once a major source of shuttles and spools for the textile industry. 13. Laurel Oak (Quercus hemisphaerica) – Laurel oak is often planted as a shade tree in cities and yards. Leaves are persistent until new foliage appears. It is quite common throughout the Coastal Plain. 14. River Birch (Betula nigra) - River birch is a medium-sized tree, often 60-80’ in height, usually with a short trunk and forked spreading crown. It occurs throughout Georgia, particularly along streams, rivers, and wet bottomlands. River birch is most recognized by its peely thin papery bark. 15. Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Sweetgum is named such for the gummy sap which was once used as a poor substitute for chewing gum. Leaves are palmately lobed, turning yellow to crimson or maroon in the fall. Its fruit is a spiny ball of many capsules that matures in late summer. 16. Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) - The legume native to southern and eastern Asia is also known as silk tree. The deciduous tree, which grows 15-40 feet high, has a broad crown of arching branches. Its bipinnate leaves close slowly in the night and during rain. Widely planted as an ornamental, mimosa is known for its fragrant pink blooms. The tree produces numerous seed pods. It is invasive in nature and difficult to rid. 17. Crape Myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) – Originally from Asia, the crape myrtle has been naturalized throughout the United States where it can grow as a small shrub at 12” to a large tree at 20’. In general, they are extremely vigorous and hardy. The crape myrtle, an outstanding ornamental, rewards with a long blooming season of showy flowers and a winter season of dramatic architectural beauty highlighted by distinctive exfoliating bark. 18. Yellow Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) - With its straight trunk and characteristic conical crown, yellow poplar is a distinct and valuable hardwood trees occurring in Georgia. Its characteristic leaves have 4-6 broadly notched lobes. Leaves turn bright yellow in the fall. The flowers are tulip shaped, greenish yellow in color. The tree is also known as the tulip poplar. The tree is a much prized shade and park tree. 19. Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) - Black cherry is a medium to large sized tree that grows rapidly. Fruit of the tree is dark purple to black, small, and bitter-tasting. It is consumed by a number of wildlife species. Wild Cherry cough syrup is made from extracts of the inner bark. Because of its rich color and close-grained structure, the wood is valuable for furniture manufacturing. 20. White Oak (Quercus alba) - White oak is a large, long-lived tree occurring throughout Georgia. Bark is light gray, often loose and flaky. White oak wood has long been used for whiskey and wine barrels. It is an attractive, long-lived shade tree, although it is slow-growing. 21. Catalpa (Catalpa bignoniodes) - Catalpa, a typically medium sized tree, has a broad and open crown. It occurs throughout Georgia but was native originally only to the south-western part. The large leaves are somewhat heart-shaped. Fruit of the tree is an elongated capsule, 6-18” long. The tree has been planted extensively as an ornamental and for the culture of “catalpa worms”, a large black caterpillar that is highly prized for fishbait. Trees Columbus, Inc. LAKEBOTTOM PARK TREE WALK 22. Southern Red Oak (Quercus falcata) Southern red oak is often planted around homes for shade because it grows well on drier sites and is a somewhat long-lived tree. The tree is common throughout the state. The leaves are prominently lobed and bristle-tipped. The wood is used in quantity for furniture, flooring, and heavy construction. Special thanks to Steve Smith, Georgia Forestry Commission (retired), and Bill Consoletti, MeadWestvaco. For additional information on tree species, refer to Trees of Georgia and Adjacent States by Claud L. Brown and L. Katherine Kirkman. 303 12th Street The Lakebottom Park Tree Walk is partially funded by the generosity of the Mildred Miller Fort Foundation. Post Office Box 1531 Columbus, Georgia 31902 Phone: 706-571-0436 www.treescolumbus.org Trees Columbus, Inc. is a non-profit advocacy group focused on planting, preserving, and protecting Columbus’ trees and its natural environment to improve the community’s quality of life. Lakebottom Park Band Shelter 2 4 5 7 8 9 11 6 21 22 20 19 18 16 17 15 14 1. Bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum) - A large, long-lived tree reaching heights of 70-100’, bald cypress occurs in alluvial swamps and along major rivers and stream banks. In the original Southern forest, it was prized for excellent form and wood quality for making timbers, docks, boats, and exterior siding. The heartwood is decay-resistant. 2. Sugarberry (Celtis laevigata) – Common along moist stream banks and in alluvial forests throughout most of Georgia, sugarberry is often used in urban settings as a shade or street tree because it adapts to a wide range of conditions. The fruit is a food source for song and game birds. 3. Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) – One of the fastest growing trees in its youth, the sawtooth oak is an attractive shade tree with dark lustrous summer foliage and yellow to golden brown fall leaves. They produce acorns at a very young age, providing food for many kinds of wildlife. Sawtooth oak native habitat is Japan, Korea, and China. Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) – Ginkgo is a survivor from ancient times. Fossil evidence indicates that 150 million years ago great forests of ginkgo covered much of North America and Asia. The irregular branching pattern is visually appealing as are the unique fan shaped leaves, which turn a golden yellow in the fall. Native to China the ginko is now a prized tree for temperate areas everywhere. 8. 9. Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) - Eastern red cedar is a medium-sized, aromatic tree, up to 40-60’ tall. This evergreen tree occurs throughout Georgia. It is not shade tolerant and cannot exist long in heavy overstory. 10 12 13 3 1 7. Live Oak (Quercus virginiana) – Live oak is a large, spreading, evergreen tree with a short, massive trunk and large, horizontally spreading branches. It is most common in the Coastal Plain. Previously the strong, tough wood was used for ship building. The live oak is the official state tree of Georgia. 4. Water Oak (Quercus nigra) - A common tree in the Piedmont and Coastal Plains, water oak grows rapidly but retains numerous dead branches. It is often planted as a shade and street tree because of its early rapid growth. The annual heavy acorn crop is a major food source for a number of wildlife. 5. Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) - Loblolly pine, one of the largest of the four southern pines, is prevalent in the Piedmont. Wood is used for lumber, construction timbers, pulp, and plywood. Needles are 6-9” in length, three per fascicle. 6. Swamp Chestnut Oak (Quercus michauxii) Because baskets were once woven from its strips of wood, it is commonly known as the basket oak. Wood is of excellent quality. Acorns from this tree are a preferred food for wildlife because of their size and sweetness. 10. Snag— A snag is a standing dead tree that provides vital wildlife habitat, including places to live, a food source, and a hiding place for insects, birds, and animals. As the snag decomposes, it continues to provide habitat. For example, a woodpecker feeds on insects in the decomposing wood of a snag. 11. Florida Maple (Acer barbatum) - Also known as the Southern sugar maple, this tree is more heat tolerant than sugar maple. Sap is not tapped for production of maple syrup. Attractive bright yellow to red fall foliage makes this tree a nice small shade or lawn tree, growing well in some shade or openings.