Download wireless energy meter reading system using zigbee

Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
WIRELESS ENERGY METER READING SYSTEM USING ZIGBEE
Mr Sunil Sojitra, Mr.Hardik Chovatiya, Mr Paneliya Nikhil.
Student of Government engineering college I&C department,sec-28,Gandhinagar,Gujarat(INDIA).
Abstract : wireless energy meter reading system
using zigbee is proposed for automatic meter data
collection, give intimation through messages
displayed on LCD and energy auditing. This
system operates with multiple channels and
frequency hopping and coexists with potential
interferers. This is the project to meet demand
and to satisfy consumers. Power consumed by the
consumer is monitored by EB through wireless. It
aims to reduce the man power for billing. For
achieving good communication link among
consumer and EB, it is very necessary to find
suitable protocol. In this project, we discuss
different hardware techniques for tripping,
indicating, intimating the consumers and power
monitoring, the Microcontroller based system
continuously records the readings and the live
meter reading can be sent to the LCD display. The
microcontroller
automatically
takes
the
responsibility of calculating the bill with the data
received from the energy meter, and the tariff
provided by the operator and displays the same
and also discusses the suitability of Zigbee for
required communication link. Zigbee has major
role in monitoring and for efficient power
utilization. It covers enough area needed for
communication and it works on low data rate of
20Kbps to 250Kbps with minimum power
consumption.
existing automatic meter reading technology, the
meter reading process is done by the help of
manpower. But this method is subjected to
several disadvantages like errors during
calculation, absence of consumer during billing
time and extra expenses for the billing process.
The project „Automatic Energy Calculation
Through Wireless Smart Meter Using Zigbee‟
aims to minimize these difficulties by providing
automatic energy calculation through wireless
medium.
This method can eliminate the problems
such as manpower requirement for billing and
errors during calculation etc., and can provide
necessary information such as tariff variation
and due date for payment etc. to the consumer
through the wireless medium. The wireless
technology can be implemented by having a
Zigbee enabled transceiver interfaced with the
EB section server as well as in the consumer
side.
COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY
I. INTRODUCTION
The struggle between global warming
and human beings is well recognized by the
international society. Scientists devoted their
effort into the development of renewable
energies while governors/administrators audit
and control energy consumption based on
regulation. In view of the compulsory energy
consumption control in near future, researchers
have developed energy aware technology such
as ZigBee. ZigBee is a wireless sensor network
for home and building automation. Recently,
ZigBee has been widely adopted for both
metering as well as energy management. In the
The broadest list of communication
technology such as PLC, GSM, Wi-Fi, Zigbee,
and others, the once that more are used in AMR
are the GSM and Zigbee. GSM (Global system
for mobile communication) is a development
from cellular telephony. GSM adopts digital
modulation and the key technology is time
division multiple access (TDMA). Zigbee is a
two way wireless communication technology
featuring short distance, low complexity, low
power consumption, low data speed, and low
1
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
cost. It is used mainly in data exchange between
low power electronic devices within short range.
There can be as many as 65,000 wireless
communication modules in a Zigbee network,
which is very similar to telecommunication
networks like CDMA or GSM.
infrastructure (ZAMI) is a existing one for
automatic meter data collection and energy
auditing and management. In the ZAMI, the
system operates with multiple channels and
frequency hopping and coexists with potential
interferers. By incorporating dual channels, the
delay is improved by 30% to 50%.
Each Zigbee module is like a
telecommunication station, and the modules can
communicate with each other within the whole
network. The communication distance between
the nodes can range from the standard 75 meters
to hundreds of meters and even several
kilometers. The Zigbee network can also be
connected to other networks.
In this method if any tariff variation
occurs, the new tariff rate will be changed only
through reprogramming the controller otherwise
the previous tariff rate will be displayed on the
LCD display. This may cause major problems in
billing.
As a result, the energy profiles are
captured. In addition, the aging report and
analysis of electrical appliances can be
conducted by the Zigbee in-home display. Key
applications include alerting the owners of high
surges which may thus cause fire. Other
potential applications include a shutdown of
some appliances in case of shortage of electricity
experienced by the utility, and in such a
circumstance, consumers can enjoy a lower
energy rate.
The proposed system of automatic
energy meter for electrical supply is fully
automated for billing/analyzing individual
Zigbee module to each and every meter.
The data is transmitted from home
module to the Zigbee module in the electricity
board. Then the account data is displayed in a
hyper terminal window. The various other
details are described in the following sections.
II. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Here, there are no intimations given by
the electricity board to the consumers about the
status of energy consumption. There are no
details about the previous month‟s consumption
and the amount of bill paid. We are focusing
about these draw backs and overcome in our
project „Automatic Energy Calculation Through
Wireless Smart Meter Using Zigbee‟.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
In order to overcome the above
mentioned drawbacks, we are proposing a new
method „Automatic Energy Calculation Through
Wireless Smart Meter Using Zigbee‟ which is
having the advantages such as no need of
manpower, errorless tariff calculation, tripping
can be done from the EB side in case of not
paying the bill and intimation about tariff
variation, amount to be paid and due date for
payment.
This system is designed with
two modules which are as follows:
  Consumer module in the system 

EB module in the system

EXISTING SYSTEM
A
ZigBee
Advance
Metering
Consumer Module
2
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
Figure 2.2: Block Diagram of EB Side Module
Figure 2.1: Block Diagram of Consumer Module
The consumer side is equipped with an
energy meter, micro controller, LCD display,
indication unit (can be an indication lamp). The
microcontroller continuously monitors the
energy meter reading and calculates the amount
till last usage. These details can be viewed in the
LCD display and also it will be sent to the EB
server during each month through the Zigbee
transmitter. The indication unit is provided for
the attention of the consumer in case of
exceeding normal usage, delaying the payment
and in case of any tariff variation by the EB.
The block diagram of the EB side
module used in the system is represented in the
above figure. The detailed explanation of each of
the block along with the components used is
explained in the following chapters. The
P89V51RD2 is the basic component in both the
modules designed for the system of the
automatic energy meter reading using Zigbee
wireless communication for the electricity board.
The Zigbee is attached with both the
modules. The data from the Zigbee transceiver in
home module passes to the EB Office module
through Zigbee network. In the office side a
similar module receives the data.
EB Side Module
The prototype design consist of the
elements: Electronic meter attached to the
consumer module, EB side module. The PIC
controller uses PIC IT programmer in embedded
C as per needs.
3
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
III. FABRICATION AND TESTING
HOME MODULE
PIC microcontroller. This is received by the
controller as an external interrupt. The controller
is so programmed that it calculates the amount
based on the number of units consumed. These
details will be displayed on the LCD panel
attached to the home module too.
A key button is provided in the LCD
display with EEPROM memory which can
provide the details of previous month‟s payment
and energy consumption to the consumer. The
indicator lamp attached nearer to the LCD
display will indicate the overset limit usage. A
relay is attached to each and every home module
which plays the major role of tripping the
connection, if the bill is not paid in time. Thus
the relay acts as a switching device.
The Zigbee transceiver, which is a
wireless communication module, transmits the
details calculated by the microcontroller
regarding the usage of energy to the electricity
board office once in a month. Thus this
methodology reduces the manual effort to a great
extend. EB can give information about the tariff
variation to the consumer, as notification on
LCD display with lamp indication.
Figure 3.1: Circuit Diagram of the Home Module
The above figure depicts the circuit diagram
based on which the home module is designed.
EB SIDE MODULE
The figure which depicts the circuit
diagram based on which the EB side module is
designed is shown in the figure below.
Working of the Home System
The home module is designed to work as
follows. The „cal‟ LED, which indicates the
consumption of energy, is replaced by an opto
coupler which produces pulses as energy is
being used and transfers to the microcontroller.
The counter which counts the number of times
the „cal‟ LED blinks and sends the data to the
4
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
used. These applications are display of numeric
and alphanumeric characters in dot matrix and
segmental displays.
LCDs are of two types:
I.
Dynamic scattering type
II.
Field effect type
Figure 3.2: Circuit Diagram for the EB
Side Module.
Working of the EB Side Module
In our project we are using 16 x 2
dynamic scattering type LCD displays. These
display units are connected with P89V51RD2
microcontroller. These LCD displays are used
for displaying the information to the consumer,
i.e., the messages send by the EB regarding due
date, tariff variation, previous month‟s
consumption and the amount to be paid etc. will
be shown in the LCD display.
LCD INTERFACING WITH
MICROCONTROLLER
The EB side module is designed to work
as follows. The receiver module is interfaced
with a system which is monitored by the
officials in the electricity board. The Zigbee
transceiver on the EB module receives the data
and displays it in the terminal C window of the
system interfaced with it.
The home module will be reset by the
EB officials as the bill is paid. The thing to be
noted here is that only when the command is
given, board will supply power to the particular
customer. Else the supply will be disconnected
until the payment of the bill. Thereby we
contribute a small part to prevent the power
crises as well.
IV. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
LCD DISPLAY
Liquid Crystal cell Displays (LCDs) are
used in similar applications where LEDs are
P89V51RD2
MICROCONTROLLER
In
this
project
P89V51RD2
microcontroller has an important role as it is
used to calculate tariff, display messages, due
date, number of units consumed and amount to
be paid in the LCD display connected with
it.This P89V51RD2 microcontroller having an
inbuilt EEPROM memory. So there is no need
5
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
of an external memory to store the information
previous month‟s amount. We are using Zigbee
transceiver to send and receive data between the
EB side and the consumer side.
P89V51RD2
PORT0 pin an output. Inputs are connected to
PORT0.
PORTB and the TRISB register
PORT1 is an 8-bit wide, bi-directional
port. The corresponding data direction register is
TRIS1. Setting a TRIS1 bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORT1 pin an input. Clearing a
TRIS1 bit (= 0) will make the corresponding
PORT1pin an output. We are using the port 1
pins as output pins to stepper motor buffer.
PORT2 and TRISC register
PORT2 is an 8-bit wide, bi-directional
port. The corresponding data direction register is
TRISC. Setting a TRISC bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORT2 pin an input. Clearing a
TRISC bit (= 0) will make the corresponding
PORT2 pin an output. Port c is used in
transmission, reception and as output port to
buzzer.
PORT3 and TRISD register
PORT3 and TRISD are not
implemented on the P89V51RD2 or P89V51RD3.
PORTD is an 8-bit port with Schmitt Trigger
input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output. This port is
used to connect with the output device voice
chip.
Figure 4.4: P89V51RD2 Controller
I/O Ports
Some of pins for these I/O ports are
multiplexed with an alternate function for the
peripheral features on the device. In general,
when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not
be used as a general purpose I/O pin.
PORTA and TRISA register
PORT0 is a 8-bit wide, bi-directional port.
The corresponding data direction register is
TRISA. Setting a TRISA bit (= 1) will make the
corresponding PORT0 pin an input. Clearing a
TRISA bit (= 0) will make the corresponding
TRISE register
TRISE are not implemented on the
P89V51RD2 or P89V51RD3 has three pins
(RE0/RD/AN5,
RE1/WR/AN6,
and
RE2/CS/AN7)
which
are
individually
configurable as inputs or outputs. These pins
have Schmitt Trigger input buffers.
RELAY
A relay is an electro-magnetic switch
which can be used in case of using a low voltage
circuit to switch on and off a light bulb (or
anything else) connected to the 220v mains
supply, i.e., it is an electrically operated
switch. Current flowing through the coil of the
6
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
relay creates a magnetic field which attracts a
lever and changes the switch contacts. The coil
current can be on or off so relays have two
switch positions and most have double throw
(changeover).
Relays allow one circuit to switch a
second circuit which is completely separated
from the first. For example a low voltage battery
circuit can use a relay to switch a 230V AC
mains circuit. There is no electrical connection
inside the relay between the two circuits the link
is magnetic and mechanical.
Fi
figure 4.8: Serial Interface of MAX 232
The coil of a relay passes a relatively
large current, typically 30mA for a 12V relay,
but it can be as much as 100mA for relays
designed to operate from lower voltages. Most
ICs (chips) cannot operate with this small
current. Thus a transistor is usually used to
amplify the small IC current to the larger value
required for the relay coil. The maximum output
current for the popular 555 timer IC is 200mA so
these devices can supply relay coils directly
without amplification.
Description
COMMUNICATION INTERFACE MAX 232
external capacitors. This makes it useful for
implementing RS-232 in devices that otherwise
do not need any voltages outside the 0 V to + 5
V range, as power supply design does not need
to be made more complicated just for driving the
RS-232 in this case.
This unit is used to send and receive the
signals given by the microcontroller /Zigbee. It
is used for the serial communication between
external Zigbee and microcontroller. It also
converts the data into serial manner and send to
the microcontroller as well as Zigbee
transceiver.
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit
that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port
to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible
digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual
driver/receiver and typically converts the RX,
TX, CTS and RTS signals.
The drivers provide RS-232 voltage
level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5
V supply via on-chip charge pumps and
The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs
(which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5
V TTL levels. These receivers have a typical
threshold of 1.3 V, and a typical hysteresis of
0.5 V.
The later MAX232A is backwards compatible
with the original MAX232 but mayoperate at
higher baud rates and can use smaller external
capacitors – 0.1 μF in place of the 1.0 μF
capacitors used with the original device.
7
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL
level to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to
between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL Logic
1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice versa for
converting from RS232 to TTL. The RS232
Data Transmission voltages at a certain logic
state are opposite from the RS232 Control Line
voltages at the same logic state.

Serial transmission is used where one bit
is sent at a time. 
Microcontrollers are proven to be quite
popular recently. Many of these have inbuilt SCI
(Serial Communication Interface). Serial
communication reduces the pin count of these
MPU‟S.
ZIGBEE
Zigbee is a specification for a suite of
high level communication protocols using small,
low-power digital radios based on the IEEE
802.15.4-2003 standard for Low-Rate Wireless
Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs), such as
wireless light switches with lamps, electrical
meters with in-home-displays, consumer
electronics equipment via short-range radio. The
technology defined by the Zigbee specification
is intended to be simpler and less expensive than
other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. Zigbee is
targeted at radio-frequency (RF) applications
that require a low data rate, long battery life, and
secure networking.
very useful in reducing expenses for meter
reading and errors during manual meter reading.
Any tariff variations by the EB can also
informed to the consumers through this method.
V.
CONCLUSION
An automatic energy calculation
through wireless smart meter using Zigbee
communication has been designed, fabricated
and tested successfully. This reduces the work of
the office person to a great extend. It also
reduces the difficulty faced by the people when
readings are taken manually. It simplifies the
work of the electricity board in tripping the
supply to a particular customer in case bill is not
paid. It helps the customer in knowing about the
due date for the payment of bill. The project
may be further extended by adding an additional
feature of payment of the electricity bill from
home itself using some pre paid banking cards
or such techniques.
VI APPENDIX
Consumer Module Experimental Setup
Roll of Zigbee in this Project
Using this Zigbee communication
network we can send information such as data,
messages, tariff amount and intimation etc.
without using human effort. EB will calculate
the amount to be paid and sends this information
through Zigbee to each of the consumers. It is
Figure 7.5: Experimental Setup of the Consumer
Module
8
Government engineering college sector-28 Gandhinagar, Gujarat-India
EB Side Module Experimental Setup
[3 Wireless Communications & Networking
(The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking)
by Vijay Garg
[4] IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering by
J. C. Das
Figure 7.6: Experimental Setup of the EB Side
Module
Lab view Work Page
REFERENCES
[1] ZigBee Wireless Networks and Transceivers
By Shahin Farahani PhD
[2] Smart Metering Design and Applications
(SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and
Technology) by K. S. K Weranga, Sisil
Kumarawadu and D. P. Chandima
9