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Religion and Human Experience Revision Medicine SANCTITY OF LIFE Abortion Euthanasia IVF Organ donation • • • • • • • • • No direct teaching Sanctity of life Life is precious, holy, sacred Life is a gift from God Only God can give and take life 10 Commandments “Do not kill.” God’s plan Life is a test Judged on how treated others Abortion • • • • • • • • • • No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an Sanctity of life 10 Commandments “Do not kill” Only God/Allah can take life ENSOULMENT – 120 days after conception Psalm 139 – God knew you in your mother’s womb May allow if mother’s life is at risk Islam – a child has the right to ask why they were killed. Woman’s right to choose Product of rape Euthanasia No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an Sanctity of life 10 Commandments “Do not kill” Qur’an forbids murder Only God/Allah can take life Hospice What if a miracle occurs? What if the patient changes their mind? Hippocratic Oath Life is a test - cheating People should be able to decide for themselves when to die • Pain/suffering/dignity • In heaven there is no more tears, sadness and pain • • • • • • • • • • • IVF No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an Sanctity of life Only God can create life/playing God Catholic – it is not your right to have a child God’s plan? Children have a right to know who their parents are • Adultery • Prefer AIH rather than AID • Involves masturbation by male – sin for Catholics • • • • • • Organ donation • • • • • • • • • • No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an Sanctity of life God’s plan? Spiritual existence in heaven – don’t need your physical organs Islam – nothing to be removed from the body But...Recent fatwa – Muslims can carry organ donor card Love your neighbour – treat people how you would like to be treated – share organs Poor not to be exploited – black market for organs God gave us the gift of technology to do this Brings life out of death What can a religious believer do if there are no specific teachings in Bible/Qur’an? • Pray • Look for other relevant texts, ie, “Do not kill.” • Speak to priest/imam • Speak to experts about the issue • Consider the effects on themselves & society CONFLICT Just War • • • • • Proportionality Innocents protected Declared by government/UN Just Cause Aim = restore peace Lesser jihad Proportionality Innocents protected Authorised by Muslim authority Just cause Aim = restore peace Trees, crops & animals protected Ended as soon as enemy lays down their arms Christianity & war Jesus didn’t use violence Jesus “turn the other cheek” “Do not kill” “All who fight by the sword will die by the sword” • Quakers – pacifism • Righteous anger – Jesus in Temple • Martin Luther King • • • • Islam & war • • • • • Islam = peace Allah commands people to live in peace Muhammad fought in wars Hadith talk about fighting in just wars Qur’an says anyone who dies fighting in a just war will go straight to paradise Forgiveness • Lord’s prayer - forgive others/ask God to forgive us • How can we expect God to forgive us if we don’t forgive others? • Jesus on cross – forgive them, the don’t know what they are doing • Jesus said forgive 70 x 7 times • Martin Luther King forgave • Qur’an says to forgive others • Hadith about Muhammad forgiving people • • • • • • • Northern Ireland Protestants and Catholics Reconciliation Residentials Assemblies Football teams Children’s programme where a clown made children realise the hurt of being laughed at because they are different Suffering • • • • • • • • • • God’s plan Life is a test Freewill Original sin – Adam and Eve Devil Good can come out of suffering Rewarded Pray Work for a charity Fund raising Expression What is meant by ‘faith?’ Believing in the support of someone or something, for example, God A belief in a particular religion, for example, Christianity/ Islam Why worship in church/mosque? Community Sacred Pictures & objects Imam/priest Pilgrimage • • • • • • Journey to a place of special religious significance Hajj – Mecca/duty/5 Pillars/ihram/ummah Go at least once in a lifetime Where Muhammad lived & worked/throw stones at pillars Lourdes – healed/water/ St Bernadette/virgin Mary Holy Land/Israel/Bethlehem (born), Nazareth (lived), Jerusalem (crucified/resurrected) Evangelism • • • • • • • How some religions spread their beliefs Try to convert Duty “Go and make disciples of all nations” Only Christians/Muslims will go to heaven. Media/leaflets/knock on doors J John - evangelist Interfaith dialogue • Speaking to others about faith The Fish - ICHTUS The fish was an early symbol of Christian faith. It is thought Christians chose the fish because: •The fish was not an obvious sign to the enemy/secret symbol When the early Christians were persecuted they needed a symbol that was not easily recognised by their enemies. They took the Greek first letter of their beliefs - Jesus Christ, God’s son, Saviour. This spells ICHTUS which translates as fish. Therefore a fish as used as a secret symbol! • Cross Crucifix Star and crescent Just as the star and moon can guide you through the night, Islam can guide you through life. Religious believers should not be allowed to wear symbols of their faith •It can offend others • It can divide people • It can be inappropriate depending upon where and what is worn • You don't need to wear a symbol to show you are religious • devalued - anyone can wear the symbol •Respect •Commitment Capital punishment • • • • • • • • • Do not kill Sanctity of life Protect society Islam – family can ask for death money instead What if a mistake is made – Sally Clark Death is easier than life in prison – Gary Gilmore Islam allows execution – murder, apostasy and adultery Muhammad sentenced people to death Was capital punishment in Bible Derek Bentley: “Let him have it.” Derek Bentley conviction quashed after 45 years Mr Bentley, who was said to have a mental age of just eleven... The Court of Appeal in London said the conviction of the teenager, Derek The court was told his co-defendant, Bentley, was unsafe. Christopher Craig, fired the fatal shot but because he was still a juvenile in the eyes of the law he escaped the death sentence Oscar Romero How do religious believers decide what right or Wrong? • Most of us grow up with a sense of right and wrong. This can be from out parents/guardians, teachers, and society itself. • The same is true for religious believers but in addiction to this they base their decisions on other sources of moral authority. • Conscience • Tradition • Scripture • Religious leaders The Role of sacred texts • • • • • • • • • • Bible Old Testament & New Testament Inspired by God – word of God Some believe is literally true, others say the teachings need to be interpreted for today. God speaks through the Bible Try to live according to its teachings, 10 Commandments, etc Gospels tell about life & teachings of Jesus – example to follow Supreme authority in matters Read from lectern – shows its importance Court of law – oaths are taken on the Bible showing its authority The Role of sacred texts • Qur’an • Collection of messages revealed by Allah to Muhammad • Qur’an is speaking the word of Allah • Ultimate guidance for a Muslim’s life • Covers all aspects of time – unchanging • Respect is shown in the way it is treated • Shari’ah comes from the Qur’an • Contains many rules for the behaviour expected of Muslims • Hadith