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Transcript
1942-1945 UNITED STATES AND THE PACIFIC THEATER Fall of the Philippines • On Dec 8th 1941 the Empire of Japan attacked the Philippines • Bombed our bases • Took over the islands of Guam, Wake Island and Gilbert Island Bataan Peninsula • Part of the Japanese Initial invasion • 20,000 Allied troops “hole up” on Manila Peninsula for 3 months. • Eventually will surrender to Japanese troops – Largest surrender of US troops since Harper’s Ferry (Civil War) – Would lead to the Bataan Death March • Bataan Death March – 85 miles of forced march of US and Filipino GIs – Tortured and most would eventually die Click the Newspaper for a video clip Doolittle Raid • • • • April 1942 Militarily insignificant In retaliation for Pearl Harbor Helped US moral Click the Map for a video clip Battle of the Coral Sea • May 1942 • Entire battle is fought with aircraft • Fighting to protect against a Japanese invasion of the island of New Guinea and Australia Battle of Midway • June 4-7 1942 • Turning Point in the Pacific war • Allies break Japanese code • Japan lost 4 out of their 10 aircraft carriers • 7-11 other ships are destroyed • Japan lost 250 planes • No more threat of Japan attack mainland USA • US uses native speaking Navajos to communicate – Due to it being another language and hard to learn the US code was never broken Click the word for a video clip Click the Map for a video clip Island Hopping (1943) Take one island at a time by land, sea or air… Guadalcanal • August 1942-Feb. 1943 • 1st land defeat of Japan • Took 6 long months • Troops introduced to the Jungle Fighting that would last throughout the war • Helped protect against a Japanese invasion of Australia Island Hopping (1943) Take one island at a time by land, sea or air… Iwo Jima • February 19th 1945 • Main objective to win the island so that Allied aircraft could bomb main land Japan • Japanese built tunnels throughout the island • 21,000 Japanese waited for US Marines • 110,000 Marines storm the beach – 25,851 die in this battle – Bloodiest battle ever for the Marines More Island Hopping Okinawa • April1st – Mid June 1945 • Invasion of the island only 340(+/-)miles away from mainland Japan • Use for an air strip for Allied Forces • 50,000 American casualties – Highest Causalities in WWII Pacific – Japan is said to have lost 77,000 + soldiers • Fierce Fighting • Heavy Air, Sea and land attacks Ending the War FDR and Truman • FDR runs for his 4th term and wins • April 12, 1945 FDR passes away in Warm Springs GA • Harry S. Truman becomes president of the USA Potsdam Conference • Mid July-August 1945 • Allied forces meet – Truman, Stalin, Churchill and later Attlee – What to do about Europe. ( V-E day was 2 months earlier) • Threaten Japan that if they don’t surrender or “complete and utter destruction would occur” Atomic Bombs and A Surrender Hiroshima th Click the Word for a• August 6 1945 video clip • 1st Atomic bomb dropped – Lil’ Boy • 80,000 people killed immediately • 100,000 injured • Countless victims have radiation poisoning • Still no surrender Nagasaki • August 9th 1945 • 2nd Atomic bomb dropped – Fat man • 60,000 killed • August 14, 1945 Japan surrendered – V-J Day • Signed papers on September 2, 1945 – WWII is officially over The Great Debate Should we have dropped the bomb? • Save American lives • Iwo Jima and Okinawa were just the beginning of what would happen to our troops if we had continued to invade with our men • Japan was preparing women and children to defend Japan • Japan started the war and we needed to finish it • Truman sought to intimidate the Soviet Union • Didn’t know if the bombs would work • There were only the two that we used in Aug. 1945 • Navy blockade could have worked • Hiroshima was not a crucial military target • Nagasaki is not justifiable • Misleading and incorrect information to the public WW II Aftermath • 46-55 Million dead • 35 million wounded • 3 million missing • 30 million soldiers died – 405,000 were US soldiers • 25 million civilians – 15 Million in USSR alone • 30 Million Europeans lost their homeland and relocated – 60% of them Germans Aftermath Continued • Massive destruction of cities – 4 million homes in Britain – 7 million buildings in Germany – 1,700 towns in USSR – US mainland barely a scratch • Holocaust WWII and Diplomacy 1943 • Casablanca Conference FDR and Churchill enforce the idea do unconditional surrender agree that Italy would be invaded first before opening the second front 1943 • Moscow Conference Secretary of State Hull gets Soviet Union to agree to enter the war against Japan after Germany’s campaign – Also will join the UN after the war ends WWII and Diplomacy 1943 • Tehran Nov- Dec – Meeting of the Big 3 and agree on the invasion to begin in 1944 1945 • Feb- Yalta ConferenceBig 3 Meet to discuss plans after the war, Stalin agrees to free elections – War crime trial plans – Germany will be divided into 4 different zones – World organization is to meet April in 1945 WWII and Diplomacy 1945 • Potsdam Conference – Truman Stalin, Attlee and Churchill meet in eastern Germany – Disagreed on most topics discussed – Warn Japan surrender or else – Decide to drop the bomb Post War Politics United Nations • Was formed officially and has been running ever since – General assembly – 15 members of the security council – Can do things with Military – Fights against hunger, diseases and promotes education Post War Politics • • Nuremburg Trails • The prosecution entered indictments against 24 major war criminals and seven organizations • – the leadership of the Nazi party, – the Reich Cabinet, – the Schutzstaffel (SS), – Sicherheitsdienst (SD), – the Gestapo, – the Sturmabteilung (SA) – the "General Staff and High Command", Comprising several categories of senior military officers. These organizations were to be declared "criminal" if found guilty. The indictments were for: – Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of a crime against peace – Planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression and other crimes against peace – War crimes – Crimes against humanity Superpowers The Start of the Cold War • Although the US • Germany split and the USSR into four parts were allies – Each part ran by a different tension by the country end of the war – West Germany= was high • Strong economy • East vs. West – East Germany= • Power struggle • Weak economy – Beginning of the Cold War