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EXAMPLE WRITING FRAME AS A METHOD FOR PLANNING ESSAYS
Using examples from Chapter 5 of the course book, describe some biological factors that may influence the
health of an individual.
Introduction
Introduce essay & define key terms in essay title
(100 words)
Define what is meant by health (Jones et al, 2011, p29)
Define biological factors – genes and body chemistry influence health and illness (Jones et al, 2011, p5859)
Essay will first outline how genes and body chemistry influence health and illness and provide examples
using two case studies: Dorothy (genetic factors influencing obesity) and Anil (body chemistry factors
influencing coronary heart disease or CHD)
Middle:
paragraph 1
(100 words)
How genes influence health (Jones et al, 2011, p29, 58-9)
Genes code for physical characteristics in the body which can predispose someone to ill-health or to act
in particular ways which can result in ill health.
Research in genetics suggests there may be a link between different health conditions and certain genes
(eg. obesity)
Middle:
paragraph 2
Evidence of how genes influence health – first case study: Dorothy
(100 words)
Some reasons for Dorothy’s obesity may have been genetic
Dorothy 32 year old who experienced obesity (Jones et al, 2011, p59-61)
Research evidence for genetic factors: identical twin studies where twins have similar body mass index
despite growing up in different environments & laboratory studies show link between gene ‘Ob’ and
levels of leptin (responsible for sensation of hunger) - but research not conclusive (eg. clinical trials with
leptin)
Middle:
paragraph 3
How body chemistry influences health (Jones et al, 2011, 70-72)
(100 words)
Condition influenced by poor diet, smoking, high levels stress and lack exercise
Coronary heart disease & atherosclerosis (ie. damage to artery walls)
May result in angina (chest pain) due to restricted blood flow and lack of oxygen/nutrients to heart
muscles
Statistics – UK CHD most common cause of premature death – 270,000 heart attacks each year
Middle:
paragraph 4
Evidence of how body chemistry influences health – second case study: Anil
(100 words)
Anil experienced angina and an electrocardiograph (ECG) diagnosed Anil as having suffered heart attack
Anil 50 year old British Asian (Jones et al, 2011, p72-74)
Anil had to change behaviour to prevent further heart attacks (eg. stop smoking, reduce stress, increase
exercise)
Also, possible link to genetic factors as father and uncle experienced heart problems.
Conclusion
(100 words)
References
Summarise key points from the discussion - for example:

Genetic and body chemistry biological factors influence health in complex ways

Biological factors combine with other factors, including psychological factors (eg. behaviour
choices) and also combine with other levels of influence (eg. family, locality, society) and their
impact on diet, exercise, stress, etc.
References
Jones, F., Smith, D. and Patel, S. (2011) Health Matters. London: University of Nowhere