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The Unifying Themes of National/International Bird Conservation Initiatives Implications to the Scope and Functioning of Joint Ventures Topics… • The Unifying Themes: An Overview • Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures • Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures • Implications to Agencies/Organizations Individually “Implications to… Joint Ventures” Vs “Implications to Agencies and Organizations” Premise: Implications extend not only to the partnership but to the individual agencies and organizations that have accepted a measure of responsibility in implementing national and international plans. Unifying Themes of National/International Bird Conservation Initiatives • Population-based Goals and Objectives North American Waterfowl Management Plan - 1986 Breeding Population Objectives 62 million Breeding Ducks Wintering Population Targets Foraging Habitat Limits Wintering Duck Populations Public Lands Reinecke et al. 1988 Reinecke and Loesch 1996 Private Lands Naturally Flooded Lands Unifying Themes of National/International Bird Conservation Initiatives • Population-based Goals and Objectives • Sustainable Landscapes at Ecoregional (BCR) Scales How Do We Utilize the Population Estimates and Objectives Listed in the Continental Plan? How Do We Assess the Ability of the WGCP to Support Priority Species at Prescribed Levels? What does this mean to my BCR? How do I derive habitat objectives? Unifying Themes of National/International Bird Conservation Initiatives • Population-based Goals and Objectives • Sustainable Landscapes at Ecoregional (BCR) Scales • Progressive Refinement of Goals, Objectives, and Strategies (ARM) Linking On-the-ground Management to Higher Scale Goals With Testable Assumptions and Hypotheses •Cross-seasonal Relationships •Historic & Contemporary Distribution Patterns •Regional/Seasonal Limiting Factors Factors Limiting Carrying Capacity Disease Predation Environmental Contaminants Disturbance Foraging THabitat Non-foraging •Daily Energetic Demands of a Duck •Metabolic Energetic Capacity of Primary Foraging Habitats Habitat Moist-soil Area Harvested Croplands Rice Soybeans Milo Corn Forested Wetlands 50% red oaks Duck-Use Days per Acre •Over Winter Survival Rate •Winter Period •Inter-specific Competition Habitat Threshold = 0.85 Survival winter days * 110 Dabbling Ducks Diving Ducks Wood Ducks Total Arkansas Illinois Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Missouri Tennessee 186,485 380 1,602 80,695 55,047 8,326 29,966 9,918 0 25 42,120 5,168 463 1,906 40,770 1,378 849 50,076 22,673 3,292 4,491 237,172 1,758 2,475 172,892 83,338 12,081 36,362 Total 362,500 60,050 123,527 546,078 1,386 State 752 121 849 970 Targetstate 321 Evaluating Rice Fields as Foraging Habitat for Wintering Waterfowl: Status of NAWCA Evaluation Grant Ducks Unlimited Institute for Wetlands and Waterfowl Research USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Mississippi State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Southern Illinois University Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Unifying Themes of National/International Bird Conservation Initiatives • Population-based Goals and Objectives • Sustainable Landscapes at Ecoregional (BCR) Scales • Progressive Refinement of Goals, Objectives, and Strategies (ARM) • Integrated, “Wall-to-Wall” Partnerships The NABCI Vision of Integrated Bird Conservation Regionally-based… 1 Biologically-driven… Landscape-oriented partnerships… Delivering the full spectrum of bird conservation across the entirety of the North American Continent. North American Bird Conservation Initiative A Population-based, Landscape-Oriented Conservation Framework Target: Landscapes capable of sustaining populations of priority species range-wide at prescribed levels. Premise: By coordinating and leveraging its conservation actions through formal partnerships, the private, state, federal bird conservation community can achieve landscapes capable of sustaining priority species at prescribed levels. Topics… • The Unifying Themes: An Overview • Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures • Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures • Implications to Agencies/Organizations Individually The Functional Elements of the Conservation Enterprise • Planning • Implementation • Monitoring • Evaluation • Research …Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures The Functional Elements of the Conservation Enterprise • Planning • Implementation Conservation Delivery Model • Monitoring • Evaluation • Research …Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures Relationship between “Unifying Themes” and “Functional Elements” • Population-based Goals and Objectives • Sustainable Landscapes at • Planning • Implementation Ecoregional (BCR) Scales • Progressive Refinement of Goals, Objectives, and Strategies (ARM) • Integrated, “Wall-toWall” Partnerships • Monitoring • Evaluation • Research The Functional Elements of the Conservation Enterprise • Planning • Implementation • Monitoring • Evaluation Joint Ventures are being challenged to embrace the full spectrum of the conservation enterprise as an iterative whole. • Research …Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures The Functional Elements of the Conservation Enterprise • Planning • Implementation • Monitoring • Evaluation • Research Conservation Enterprise Business Model Topics… • The Unifying Themes: An Overview • Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures • Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures • Implications to Agencies/Organizations Individually The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures • Goals and Objectives • Nature of Planning • Management and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures Goals/objectives will be expressed in the context of population viability or system sustainability; derived from testable assumptions or predictions of biological response. • Goals and Objectives • Nature of Planning • Management and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures Reestablish and maintain three viable sub-populations of LA Black Bear in the Tensas Basin, Red River Backwater, and Atchafalaya Basin of Louisiana. • Goals and Objectives • Nature of Planning Whereas traditionally… Goals and objectives have tended to be programmatically derived, activity focused, and opportunity based. • Management and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures Reestablish and maintain three viable sub-populations of LA Black Bear in the Tensas Basin, Red River Backwater, and Atchafalaya Basin of Louisiana. • Goals and Objectives • Nature of Planning Whereas traditionally… Protect and restore 200,000 acres of bottomland hardwoods in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. • Management and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures Planning becomes biologically focused and model-driven; directed at landscape-scale population/habitat relationships; focused less on temporally static decisions and more on supporting decisions over time. Planning is iterative and cyclic. • Goals and Whereas traditionally… • Management Planning has been akin to cataloguing and prioritizing program-specific opportunities; tending to be sporadic and focused on temporally static decisions; responding to administrative edict. Objectives • Nature of Planning and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures M & R will be linked by explicitly stated, testable assumptions as to how populations are responding to changing landscapes and management prescriptions. • Goals and Objectives • Nature of Planning Whereas traditionally… • Management M & R tend to be disconnected, with management operating on the basis of intuitive, implicit assumptions and research focusing on academic interest. • Monitoring and and Research Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures Monitoring and evaluation are essential for testing assumptions, evaluating uncertainty, and assessing landscape change and biological response. • Goals and Objectives • Nature of Planning Whereas traditionally… Programs have tended to view M & E as an arm of “research” to inform harvest regulations; otherwise have been content with tracking accomplishments where administratively required. • Management and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures • Goals and Conservation methods are highly Objectives demanding of spatial and relational database technologies, requiring core • Nature of competencies and skills not traditionally Planning associated with the conservation workforce. Whereas traditionally… The technology focus of conservation organizations has been on administrative applications of the business community at large, e.g. e-mail, web-sites, financial management, teleconferencing, etc. • Management and Research • Monitoring and Evaluation • Technology Topics… • The Unifying Themes: An Overview • Implications to the Scope of Joint Ventures • Implications to the Functioning of Joint Ventures • Implications to Agencies/Organizations Individually The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to Agencies and Organizations Point: The “unifying themes” reflect a broader and more fundamental shift in the conservation paradigm. The Conservation Paradigm is shifting… Wildlife conservation (and natural resource management in general) is being pushed from an opportunistic, ideologybased pursuit of site-scale conservation benefits toward a science-based, strategic pursuit of sustainable landscapes. Catalysts… Science-based advances in conservation theory Ecosystem management Landscape ecology Population ecology Conservation biology Adaptive resource management Principles of Ecosystem Management * • Define measurable goals and objectives based on sound models and assumptions as to how the ecosystem is functioning. • Manage at the multiple scales at which ecosystems occur. • Monitor habitat change and population response. • Refine objectives on the basis of what is learned from monitoring and assessment • Manage for inter-generational sustainability. * Adapted from the Ecological Society of America 1996 The Conservation Paradigm is shifting… Wildlife conservation (and natural resource management in general) is being pushed from an opportunistic, ideologybased pursuit of site-scale conservation benefits toward a science-based, strategic pursuit of sustainable landscapes. Catalysts… Science-based advances in conservation theory Technological advances in conservation methodologies Remote Sensing Geospatial Technologies (GIS/GPS) Relational Database Technologies The Conservation Paradigm is shifting… Wildlife conservation (and natural resource management in general) is being pushed from an opportunistic, ideologybased pursuit of site-scale conservation benefits toward a science-based, strategic pursuit of sustainable landscapes. Catalysts… Science-based advances in conservation theory Technological advances in conservation methodologies Fiscal accountability Biological credibility/accountability The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to Agencies and Organizations Point: The “unifying themes” reflect a broader and more fundamental shift in the conservation paradigm. Point: Sustained pursuit of the unifying themes by a Joint Venture will result in its partner agencies and organizations becoming more interdependent. Developing Spatially Explicit “Landscapes of Conservation Concern” North American Waterfowl Management Plan - 1986 Breeding Population Objectives 62 million Breeding Ducks Wintering Population Targets Foraging Habitat Limits Wintering Duck Populations Public Lands Reinecke et al. 1988 Reinecke and Loesch 1996 Private Lands Naturally Flooded Lands Source Population Objectives Swainson’s Warbler State 10K 20K 100K Arkansas Illinois Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi Missouri Tennessee 9 0 2 19 14 6 1 11 1 1 15 6 1 1 3 0 0 7 2 0 1 Totals 51 36 13 Prothonotary Warbler Northern Parula Hooded Warbler Wood Thrush Acadian Flycatcher Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Red-eyed Vireo American Redstart Cerulean Warbler Kentucky Warbler Summer Tanager Yellow-billed Cuckoo Louisiana Waterthrust Eastern Wood-Pewee Yellow-throated Vireo Yellow-throated Warbler Great Crested Flycatcher Scarlet Tanager White-breasted Nuthatch Swallow-tailed Kite Red-shouldered Hawk Broad-winged Hawk Pileated Woodpecker Cooper’s Hawk The Unifying Themes of Bird Conservation Implications to Agencies and Organizations Point: The “unifying themes” reflect a broader and more fundamental shift in the conservation paradigm. Point: Sustained pursuit of the unifying themes by a Joint Venture will result in its partner agencies and organizations becoming more interdependent. Point: In an operational sense, the unifying themes will require a measure of internal “reengineering.” Reengineering: A rethinking and subsequent realignment of the processes and procedures associated with a business’ core functions, taken with the aim of maintaining competitiveness in a rapidly changing business environment. Business community drivers… Conservation community drivers… • IT “revolution” • IT “revolution” • The “global economy” • Shifting conservation paradigm Reengineering Demands of a Population-based, Landscape-Oriented Conservation Framework • Translating range-wide population targets into spatially-explicit habitat objectives. • Assessing the ability of landscapes to support populations of priority species at prescribed levels. • Monitoring landscape change and population response at ecoregional scales. • Integrating biological objectives into program operations and providing decision support to conservation delivery. • Applying the Information Technologies required of conservation at ecoregional scales. Viewed from the perspective of the “four unifying themes,” Joint Ventures are being… Asked? Expected? Challenged? …to move from a Conservation Delivery Business Model and toward a Conservation Enterprise Business Model. Joint Venture Expectations and Challenges Seth: From the standpoint of fiscal and functional accountability Scott: From the standpoint of the national and international bird conservation initiatives Rex: From the standpoint of “applied science” – capacity and capability Arkansas Texas Ducks Unlimited The Conservation Fund Louisiana Kentucky The Nature Conservancy Mississippi US Geological Survey Missouri US Fish & Wildlife Oklahoma US Forest Service Tennessee Wildlife Mgt Institute “Implement” Goals and Objectives Enterprise Model Operating Under a Conservation Business Model Delivery Model Biological Planning Implementation Monitoring Applied Research Evaluation Build the capacity Reengineering Roles Relationships Responsibilities Joint Venture (HAPET) Office Partner Organization (mgt board/techies) “Other” Partners (NRCS, Universities) Towards Landscapes That Sustain Populations Of Priority Species At Prescribed Levels