Download Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Sparta and Athens: City

Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Sparta and Athens: City-­‐State Rivals Political Changes -­‐merchants and artisans did not own land, not considered citizens -­‐tyrant-­‐ someone who seizes power and rules with total authority -­‐common people supported tyrant leaders in 600 B.C. -­‐oligarchy-­‐ few wealthy people hold power over the larger group of citizens -­‐democracy-­‐ all citizens share in running the government program Sparta: Military Society -­‐located on Peloponnesus Peninsula -­‐economy based on agriculture -­‐called their enslaved laborers helots A Strong Military -­‐Sparta stressed discipline -­‐thought more obedient and loyal -­‐boys joined military at 7 -­‐treated harshly so they turned into adults who could survive pain of battle -­‐women could own property, travel, and train in wrestling, throwing, and javelin -­‐main goal was to raise brave, strong sons How Was Sparta Governed? -­‐Oligarchy-­‐ two kings -­‐two other governing bodies: assembly and the council of elders -­‐assembly made decisions about war and peace -­‐council served as judges -­‐elected ephors-­‐enforced the laws and managed the collection of taxes Athens: A Young Democracy -­‐northeast of Sparta -­‐founded by Mycenaeans An Athenian Education -­‐boys studied arithmetic, geometry, drawing, music, and public speaking -­‐believed this produced strong minds and bodies -­‐mothers educated daughters in spinning, weaving, and household duties Early Reforms -­‐594 B.C. Solon ended farmers debts and freed enslaved -­‐opened assembly and law of courts to all male citizens -­‐560 B.C. tyrant Peisistratus took over Toward Democracy -­‐Cleisthenes made the assembly the city-­‐state’s major governing body -­‐every citizen had a chance to be council member