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Taurus Constellation: The Bull Ursa Major Tauri Abbreviation Tau 4 stars with known planets 2 Messier Objects M1 & M45 2 meteor showers Taurids Late Oct/early Nov Beta Taurids June/July Tunguska? Taurus One of oldest recognized constellations appeared beginning of spring between 4000 and 1800 BC signaled start of new year bull, symbol of strength & fertility figures prominently in mythology of nearly all early civilizations Taurus Ancient Egypt Apis, Bull of Memphis served as earthly vessel of soul of Osiris, god of Sun & Nile possibly inspiration for Cretan Minotaur Sumerian sacred “bull of light” possibly Golden Calf of Israel Taurus Classical Greece: Zeus in disguise of white bull with golden horns seduced & abducted Europa in this form swam away with her to Crete; which is why we see only the forequarters in the constellation Often thought to be charging Orion Taurus Hyades ‘Υάδες these nymphs were sisters, chosen by Zeus to care for his child Dionysus Pleiades “sailing stars” by Greeks; storms were too likely if they were not in the sky Taurus Aldebaran (a Tau) derived from the Arabic الدبرانal-dabarān meaning "the follower“ closely follows Pleiades cluster across the sky Taurus Aldebaran (a Tau) K5 III star orangish, large used up all its hydrogen fuel minor companion (dim M2) Taurus Aldebaran (a Tau) K5 III star ~65 ly away ~38 times diameter of Sun ; ~150 times brighter 14th brightest star; apparent magnitude 0.87 Taurus Aldebaran (a Tau) astrologically fortunate, portending riches & honor one of the four “royal stars” of Persians (4000 BC) Aldebaran (a Tau) Regulus (a Leo) Antares (a Sco) Fomalhaut (a Pis) Taurus Crab nebula M 1/NGC 1952 supernova remnant visible in day 1054 China & Middle East 6300 ly away pulsar in center Taurus Crab nebula M 1/NGC 1952 supernova remnant visible in day 1054 China & Middle East 6300 ly away pulsar in center HST & X-ray imagery Taurus Many a night I saw the Pleiads, rising thro’ the mellow shade Glitter like a swarm of fireflies, tangled in a silver braid. Tennyson Taurus Pleiades M45 open cluster ~440 ly away ~12 ly across around 500 stars dominated by young blue stars important in distance scales Taurus Pleiades Seven Sisters of Greek mythology Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygete, Celaeno and Alcyone parents Atlas and Pleione as daughters of Atlas, Hyades were sisters of the Pleiades Taurus Pleiades Comet Machholz passes the Pleiades early 2005 Taurus Pleiades Tortoise in Japanese folklore Subaru Taurus Nebra sky disk Bronze 1600 BC One of oldest representations of cosmos Taurus Hyades Nearest star cluster 151 ly Hipparcos data ~625 million years old Taurus Hipparcos High Precision Parallax Collecting Satellite Hipparcos Catalog European Space Agency (ESA) 1989-1993 118,218 stars with 1-3 mas astrometry Tycho-2 Catalog 2,539,913 of brightest stars (~500 visible to naked eye) 99% complete to mV ~ 11.0 90% complete to mV ~ 11.5 Taurus Taurus Applause