Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
DESIGN FOR 5G END-TO END SERVICES – WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR SYSTEM AND AIR INTERFACE ? Hans-Peter Mayer, Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent December, 2014 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. WHAT’S DRIVING 5G? A CHANGING MOBILE ENVIRONMENT MOBILE USERS (NO M2M) M2M CONNECTIONS MOBILE DEVICES IN USE SMARTPHONE USERS 5.3 Billion 9 Billion 1.4 Billion 4 Billion 7.7 Billion 12.1 Billion 1.13 Billion 2.5 Billion 2010 2020 2012 2017 2014 2018 2012 2017 NUMBER OF MOBILE DEVICES PER BUSINESS USER MOBILE APP USERS MOBILE APPS DOWNLOAD PER YEAR MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC 1.36 1.95 1.2 Billion 4.4 Billion 82 Billion 200 Billion 2.6 Exabytes/month 15.9 Exabytes/month 2014 2018 2012 2017 2013 2017 2014 2018 Multiple sources: Statista, Infonetics Research, Radicati, eMarketer, Portio Research, MORE OF EVERYTHING 2 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. WHAT’S DRIVING 5G? BROADBAND MISSION CRITICAL Massive traffic capacity Reduce Cost Spectrum efficiency Access new spectrum INNOVATIVE SERVICES Flexible bearer design 3rd party policy Latency Reliability Availability Security 5G BATTERY LIFE Signaling reduction Energy optimization NON TRADITIONAL DEVICES CROWD Massive user density User content Correlated behavior Short packet Sporadic access More devices More device types 5G SHOULD FOCUS ON SOLVING THESE ISSUES 3 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. HOW MANY NETWORKS? Converge: hardware platform Enablers: sites and backhaul flexible air interface virtualization access to spectrum 4 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. WHAT’S DRIVING 5G? CONSUMERS’ EVER INCREASING EXPECTATIONS BETTER BETTER END-TO-END PERFORMANCE SUPPORT FOR NON-TRADITIONAL APPLICATIONS BETTER BATTERY LIFE ANYWHERE ANYTIME COMMUNICATIONS WITH EXCELLENT QoE 5 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. SMALL TRAFFIC 6 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. DESIGN TRADE-OFFS CONFIGURABILITY AND MODULARITY Feature Impact Design Low latency Reduced spectral efficiency higher energy consumption per bit Limits to extension of the network - Configure radio frame for low latency - Configure / orchestrate network Increased availability Reduced spectral efficiency higher energy consumption per bit - Configure increased link budget option - Configure multi-Link - Supervision of link quality High velocity High mobility Reduced spectral efficiency Channel aging Increased signaling overhead - Configure air interface parameters - Adapt numerology Large cell size Increased overhead (high delay spread) - Configure acquisition, channel estimation ………. 7 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. WHAT WILL 5G LOOK LIKE? 5G SERVICES WILL HAVE MORE COMPLEX REQUIREMENTS Richer Set of Service Options New and existing Services Bitrate description GBR/N-GBR, peak, expected, sufficient Latency (Packet delay): finer granulation, new Low latency option, average vs. first packet delay Loss rate: finer granulation Priority information (e.g. ARP): Availability class: best effort / prioritized Activity: Background, streaming, very infrequent, etc. Mobility category: fixed / nomadic /vehicular Traffic type: Scheduled, Sporadic vs. Contention UE power category: very low power (MTC), high power (WLL) Security: Application privacy level, networking restrictions .. will still cover the needs of an Reliability: use case dependent Application developer in 2028! Networking: Routing restrictions, recommendations 8 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. DEFINING 5G – WHAT’S INVOLVED? NEW 5G AIR INTERFACE MOVE TO CLOUD Support for short information packets – (M2M) Move of most control/authentication functions to the Cloud. Continued improvement in sensitivity to extend range. Fully embrace use of SDN to provision optimum network to support traffic type. Improvements to increase both consumer battery life and energy consumption. High frequency / millimeter-wave access technologies. Use of network function virtualization to provide dynamic provisioning and adaptation of the core support for different traffic types and user needs. 9 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COMMUNICATIONS OPTIMIZATIONS Full integration of multiple technologies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WCDMA, LTE, 5G) to provide a single communications solution. Dynamic and rapid pathway response to maintain a high consumer quality and experience. CAN WE HAVE A SINGLE MULTI-SERVICE AIR INTERFACE? … YES: MODULAR DESIGN Challenge: Combine broadband and small traffic Be resource efficient ( energy, spectrum, network) Low overhead , low complexity, simple terminals Offer high reliability & low latency options www.5gnow.eu Traffic Type Synch? Access Type Properties I closed-loop scheduled classical high volume data services II open-loop scheduled HetNet and/or cell edge multi-layered high data traffic III open-loop sporadic, contention-based few bits, supporting low latency, e.g. smartphone apps IV open-loop/none* contention-based energy-efficient, high latency, few bits *: none for maximal energy savings at Tx, open-loop for reduced complexity at Rx 10 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. WHAT WILL 5G LOOK LIKE? 5G RADIO: ADDING MASSIVE CAPACITY • “Low band” (<6 GHz, in cellular bands) - Provides coverage, performance, and battery life saving • “High band” (20-60 GHz, “mm-wave” bands) - Provides massive capacity for well placed users in dense urban areas - Expected to be used as a “secondary carrier” on small cells - Radio parameters may not be harmonised with low band systems (open issue) • “Low” and “high” band 5G work together - Will also be combined with LTE on both macro and small cell 11 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. DISTRIBUTION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING – LATENCY ELASTICITY Radiohead only Fully Centralized CPRI/ORI High Bandwidth, Low Latency high Baseband processing CPRI/ centralized 5G latency tolerant protocols in 5G Baseband lower part Radiohead Rate Split Processing L1/L1 5G L1-L2 5G requirements ‘CPRI Redefined’ baseband Upper part, MAC PHY/MAC /RLC MACMAC Distributed RAN low Baseband lower part Radiohead low Integrated Latency permitted high Uwe Dötsch, Mark Doll, Hans-Peter Mayer, Frank Schaich, Jonathan Segel, Philippe Sehier, “Quantitative Analysis of Split Base Station Processing and Determination of Advantageous Architectures for LTE” S1/X2 over IP Any network Bell Labs Technical Journal Vol18, 2 Sep 2013 1.) The analysis stays valid for 5G multicarrier air interfaces (FBMC, UFMC) 2.) 5G shall support the main split models 2.) 5G protocols shall be designed for latency tolerance (only constraints from application, and dynamics of channel and traffic) 12 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. VIRTUALIZATION: ONE DEPLOYMENT FOR DIVERGING SERVICES 13 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. PER USER PROCESSING Federico Boccardi, Osman Aydin, Uwe Doetsch, Torsten Fahldieck, Hans-Peter Mayer: User-centric architectures: Enabling CoMP via hardware virtualization. PIMRC 2012: 191-196 14 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. WHAT WILL 5G LOOK LIKE? 5G WILL USE POLICY CONTROL TO ADAPT THE NETWORK TO THE USER Control Applications Charging Mobility Management Programmable Wireless Network Framework WiFi site Security QoS Network Control & Monitoring Optimization Functions Application API Network Configuration Policy and Templates Network Topology and Resource Utilization Wireless Network Controller SDN Controller Local service User 1: Obtains local service using 5G plus WLAN User 2: Obtains Internet service using 5G only Backhaul Network Core network Cell site 15 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Internet service SPECTRUM CONSIDERATIONS / REQUIREMENTS Low bands Connectivity and signalling High availability services Coverage Classical cellular bands carrier aggregation for high peak rates Modular 5G air interface Multi – RAT and 5G-4G integration Common connectivity band ? Migration from 3G, 2G and 4G to 5G Mm-wave Capacity in densely populated area, small cells Gb/s data rates spectrum • mm-wave for high peak rates and capacity off-loading but it will not replace classical bands 16 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. BEST USE OF AVAILABLE SPECTRUM Co-existence TX: Low out of band radiation RX: Low sensitivity to out of band highly scalable bandwidth Use waveform with steep frequency roll-off Use of unpaired bands - Duplex methods: TDD, Full Duplex and xDD - flexible carrier aggregation - close WiFi integration Inclusion of unlicensed spectrum - Aggregate LTE-U - introduce unlicensed access Filling of the spectrum - Integrate legacy air interfaces, transit to common resource allocation - relace system-to system interfaces 17 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. KEY 5G TECHNOLOGIES Potential Technology MORE SPECTRUM (Hz) QUALITY of EXPERIENCE MORE EFFICIENT (Useful Bits/Sec/Hz/cell) MORE RESPONSIVE (ms/packet) Description Target benefits Millimeter-wave technology Focusing on 20 - 60 GHz for short range access • More spectrum for low mobility users Massive MIMO Large number of antenna elements in active array • More capacity for high user densities and low mobility Air Interface - waveform - Modular design OFDM evolution offering relaxed synchronization requirements and sharper frequency roll-off • • • • Smart Networking User centric network Federated access Pre-loading/off-loading Network policy Application awareness • Shorter network path • Lower latency • Reduced complexity Contention service Allow devices to send short data bursts without elaborate signaling procedures • More responsive / lower latency • Lower energy per useful bit 18 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. More capacity for all users Modular design D2D extension Flexibility to meet user needs TRANSITION FROM LTE ++ TO 5G LTE will evolve adopting new concepts Some solutions will not fit to LTE in a backwards-compatible way, or be sub-optimal Compromises will be necessary for backwards compatibility It makes sense to bundle changes into in one “big leap” release 2014 5G 4G 2015 2016 2017 R14 R12 R13 (start SI) 2018 ? R14 2019 2020 R15 R16 R15 R16 2021 2022 2023 2024 Main drivers for 5G air interface Diverse services Support of small traffic, high number of nodes, massive access Modes supporting low latency or high availability Efficiency Efficient support of multi-antenna techniques (Massive MIMO, COMP) Blanking for energy efficiency and interference management Future proofness Separation of signaling and data modular design 19 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. OUTLOOK • 5G networks will be used in the timeframe from 2020 on to 2035 (and beyond) - Future proofness: Shall be able to follow an evolution of the requirements - Need open design: open for backwards compatible extensions • Heterogeneity in terms of use cases, services and traffic characteristics - Modularity and configurability • Need for efficiency - Configurability for optimum operation: modular air interface, virtualized networking No rush: Maturity of the design is more important than early availability! 20 COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.