Download New technical problems in 5G

DESIGN FOR 5G END-TO END SERVICES –
WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES FOR SYSTEM AND AIR INTERFACE ?
Hans-Peter Mayer, Bell Labs, Alcatel-Lucent
December, 2014
COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
WHAT’S DRIVING 5G?
A CHANGING MOBILE ENVIRONMENT
MOBILE USERS
(NO M2M)
M2M CONNECTIONS
MOBILE DEVICES IN USE
SMARTPHONE USERS
5.3 Billion
9 Billion
1.4 Billion
4 Billion
7.7 Billion
12.1 Billion
1.13 Billion
2.5 Billion
2010
2020
2012
2017
2014
2018
2012
2017
NUMBER OF MOBILE DEVICES
PER BUSINESS USER
MOBILE APP USERS
MOBILE APPS DOWNLOAD
PER YEAR
MOBILE DATA TRAFFIC
1.36
1.95
1.2 Billion
4.4 Billion
82 Billion
200 Billion
2.6
Exabytes/month
15.9
Exabytes/month
2014
2018
2012
2017
2013
2017
2014
2018
Multiple sources: Statista, Infonetics Research, Radicati, eMarketer, Portio Research,
MORE OF EVERYTHING
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WHAT’S DRIVING 5G?
BROADBAND
MISSION CRITICAL
Massive traffic capacity
Reduce Cost
Spectrum efficiency
Access new spectrum
INNOVATIVE
SERVICES
Flexible bearer design
3rd party policy
Latency
Reliability
Availability
Security
5G
BATTERY LIFE
Signaling reduction
Energy optimization
NON TRADITIONAL
DEVICES
CROWD
Massive user density
User content
Correlated behavior
Short packet
Sporadic access
More devices
More device types
5G SHOULD FOCUS ON SOLVING THESE ISSUES
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HOW MANY NETWORKS?
Converge:
hardware platform
Enablers:
sites and backhaul
flexible air interface
virtualization
access to spectrum
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WHAT’S DRIVING 5G?
CONSUMERS’ EVER INCREASING EXPECTATIONS
BETTER
BETTER
END-TO-END
PERFORMANCE
SUPPORT
FOR NON-TRADITIONAL
APPLICATIONS
BETTER
BATTERY
LIFE
ANYWHERE ANYTIME COMMUNICATIONS WITH EXCELLENT QoE
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SMALL TRAFFIC
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COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS
CONFIGURABILITY AND MODULARITY
Feature
Impact
Design
Low latency
Reduced spectral efficiency
higher energy consumption per bit
Limits to extension of the network
- Configure radio frame for low latency
- Configure / orchestrate network
Increased
availability
Reduced spectral efficiency
higher energy consumption per bit
- Configure increased link budget option
- Configure multi-Link
- Supervision of link quality
High velocity
High mobility
Reduced spectral efficiency
Channel aging
Increased signaling overhead
- Configure air interface parameters
- Adapt numerology
Large cell
size
Increased overhead
(high delay spread)
- Configure acquisition, channel estimation
……….
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WHAT WILL 5G LOOK LIKE?
5G SERVICES WILL HAVE MORE COMPLEX REQUIREMENTS
Richer Set of Service Options
New and existing Services
Bitrate description GBR/N-GBR, peak, expected,
sufficient
Latency (Packet delay): finer granulation, new Low
latency option, average vs. first packet delay
Loss rate: finer granulation
Priority information (e.g. ARP):
Availability class: best effort / prioritized
Activity: Background, streaming, very infrequent, etc.
Mobility category: fixed / nomadic /vehicular
Traffic type: Scheduled, Sporadic vs. Contention
UE power category: very low power (MTC), high power
(WLL)
Security: Application privacy level, networking
restrictions
.. will still cover the needs of an
Reliability: use case dependent
Application developer in 2028!
Networking: Routing restrictions, recommendations
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DEFINING 5G – WHAT’S INVOLVED?
NEW 5G AIR INTERFACE
MOVE TO CLOUD
Support for short information
packets – (M2M)
Move of most control/authentication
functions to the Cloud.
Continued improvement in
sensitivity to extend range.
Fully embrace use of SDN to
provision optimum network to
support traffic type.
Improvements to increase both
consumer battery life and energy
consumption.
High frequency / millimeter-wave
access technologies.
Use of network function virtualization
to provide dynamic provisioning and
adaptation of the core support for
different traffic types and user needs.
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COMMUNICATIONS
OPTIMIZATIONS
Full integration of multiple
technologies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth,
WCDMA, LTE, 5G) to provide a single
communications solution.
Dynamic and rapid pathway
response to maintain a high
consumer quality and experience.
CAN WE HAVE A SINGLE MULTI-SERVICE AIR INTERFACE?
… YES: MODULAR DESIGN
Challenge:
Combine broadband and small traffic
Be resource efficient ( energy, spectrum, network)
Low overhead , low complexity, simple terminals
Offer high reliability & low latency options
www.5gnow.eu
Traffic Type
Synch?
Access Type
Properties
I
closed-loop
scheduled
classical high volume data services
II
open-loop
scheduled
HetNet and/or cell edge multi-layered high
data traffic
III
open-loop
sporadic, contention-based
few bits, supporting low latency,
e.g. smartphone apps
IV
open-loop/none*
contention-based
energy-efficient, high latency, few bits
*: none for maximal energy savings at Tx, open-loop for reduced complexity at Rx
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WHAT WILL 5G LOOK LIKE?
5G RADIO: ADDING MASSIVE CAPACITY
• “Low band” (<6 GHz, in cellular bands)
- Provides coverage, performance, and battery life
saving
• “High band” (20-60 GHz, “mm-wave” bands)
- Provides massive capacity for well placed users in
dense urban areas
- Expected to be used as a “secondary carrier” on
small cells
- Radio parameters may not be harmonised with low
band systems (open issue)
• “Low” and “high” band 5G work together
- Will also be combined with LTE on both macro and
small cell
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DISTRIBUTION OF SIGNAL PROCESSING – LATENCY ELASTICITY
Radiohead only
Fully
Centralized
CPRI/ORI
High Bandwidth,
Low Latency
high
Baseband
processing
CPRI/
centralized
5G
latency tolerant protocols
in 5G
Baseband lower part
Radiohead
Rate
Split
Processing
L1/L1
5G
L1-L2
5G
requirements
‘CPRI Redefined’
baseband
Upper part, MAC
PHY/MAC /RLC
MACMAC
Distributed
RAN
low
Baseband lower part
Radiohead
low
Integrated
Latency permitted
high
Uwe Dötsch, Mark Doll, Hans-Peter Mayer, Frank Schaich, Jonathan Segel, Philippe Sehier,
“Quantitative Analysis of Split Base Station Processing and Determination of Advantageous Architectures for
LTE”
S1/X2 over IP
Any network
Bell Labs Technical Journal Vol18, 2 Sep 2013
1.) The analysis stays valid for 5G multicarrier air interfaces (FBMC, UFMC)
2.) 5G shall support the main split models
2.) 5G protocols shall be designed for latency tolerance (only constraints from application, and
dynamics of channel and traffic)
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VIRTUALIZATION: ONE DEPLOYMENT FOR DIVERGING SERVICES
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PER USER PROCESSING
Federico Boccardi, Osman Aydin, Uwe Doetsch, Torsten Fahldieck, Hans-Peter Mayer:
User-centric architectures: Enabling CoMP via hardware virtualization. PIMRC 2012: 191-196
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WHAT WILL 5G LOOK LIKE?
5G WILL USE POLICY CONTROL TO ADAPT THE NETWORK TO THE USER
Control Applications
Charging
Mobility
Management
Programmable
Wireless Network
Framework
WiFi site
Security
QoS
Network
Control &
Monitoring
Optimization
Functions
Application API
Network
Configuration Policy
and Templates
Network Topology
and Resource
Utilization
Wireless Network
Controller
SDN Controller
Local service
User 1: Obtains
local service using
5G plus WLAN
User 2: Obtains
Internet service
using 5G only
Backhaul Network
Core network
Cell site
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Internet service
SPECTRUM CONSIDERATIONS / REQUIREMENTS
Low bands
Connectivity and signalling
High availability services
Coverage
Classical cellular bands
carrier aggregation for high peak
rates
Modular 5G air interface
Multi – RAT and 5G-4G integration
Common connectivity band ?
Migration from 3G, 2G and 4G to 5G
Mm-wave
Capacity in densely populated area,
small cells
Gb/s data rates
spectrum
• mm-wave for high peak rates and capacity off-loading but it will not replace classical bands
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BEST USE OF AVAILABLE SPECTRUM
Co-existence
TX: Low out of band radiation
RX: Low sensitivity to out of band
highly scalable bandwidth
Use waveform with steep frequency roll-off
Use of unpaired bands
- Duplex methods: TDD, Full Duplex and xDD
- flexible carrier aggregation
- close WiFi integration
Inclusion of unlicensed spectrum
- Aggregate LTE-U
- introduce unlicensed access
Filling of the spectrum
- Integrate legacy air interfaces, transit to common
resource allocation
- relace system-to system interfaces
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COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
KEY 5G TECHNOLOGIES
Potential Technology
MORE
SPECTRUM
(Hz)
QUALITY
of
EXPERIENCE
MORE EFFICIENT
(Useful
Bits/Sec/Hz/cell)
MORE
RESPONSIVE
(ms/packet)
Description
Target benefits
Millimeter-wave
technology
Focusing on 20 - 60 GHz
for short range access
• More spectrum for low mobility
users
Massive MIMO
Large number of
antenna elements in
active array
• More capacity for high user
densities and low mobility
Air Interface
- waveform
- Modular design
OFDM evolution offering
relaxed synchronization
requirements and
sharper frequency roll-off
•
•
•
•
Smart Networking
User centric network
Federated access
Pre-loading/off-loading
Network policy
Application awareness
• Shorter network path
• Lower latency
• Reduced complexity
Contention service
Allow devices to send
short data bursts without
elaborate signaling
procedures
• More responsive / lower latency
• Lower energy per useful bit
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More capacity for all users
Modular design
D2D extension
Flexibility to meet user needs
TRANSITION FROM LTE ++ TO 5G
LTE will evolve adopting new concepts
Some solutions will not fit to LTE in a
backwards-compatible way, or be sub-optimal
Compromises will be necessary for
backwards compatibility
It makes sense to bundle changes into in one
“big leap” release
2014
5G
4G
2015
2016
2017
R14
R12
R13
(start SI)
2018
?
R14
2019
2020
R15
R16
R15
R16
2021
2022
2023
2024
Main drivers for 5G air interface
Diverse services
Support of small traffic, high number of nodes, massive access
Modes supporting low latency or high availability
Efficiency
Efficient support of multi-antenna techniques (Massive MIMO, COMP)
Blanking for energy efficiency and interference management
Future proofness
Separation of signaling and data
modular design
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OUTLOOK
• 5G networks will be used in the timeframe from 2020 on to 2035 (and beyond)
- Future proofness: Shall be able to follow an evolution of the requirements
- Need open design: open for backwards compatible extensions
• Heterogeneity in terms of use cases, services and traffic characteristics
- Modularity and configurability
• Need for efficiency
- Configurability for optimum operation: modular air interface, virtualized networking
No rush: Maturity of the design is more important than early
availability!
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COPYRIGHT © 2013 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.