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Buddhism: Basic Teachings Main beliefs ● The “three jewels” (triratna or tiratana) of Buddhism are the Buddha, the dharma or dhamma (“teaching,” or “truth”), and the sangha (“community”). Anyone who “takes refuge” in these is considered a Buddhist ● The way to enlightenment is through the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path ● Theravada Buddhists believe that people should not worship any gods but should strive to attain happiness by learning to control their own minds ● Mahayana Buddhists believe that it is possible to attain happiness by having faith in, and praying to, the Buddha of Infinite Light (Amitabha Buddha) ● When people achieve true happiness, they are released from the endless cycle of birth and rebirth and reach a blissful state called nirvana The Four Noble Truths ● Suffering is part of life and is brought about by the results of past actions (karma or kamma) ● Suffering is the result of giving value to the wrong things and desiring them ● Suffering will stop if selfish desires are crushed ● The way to crush desire and reach nirvana is to follow The Noble Eightfold Path The Noble Eightfold Path ● Right knowledge: acceptance of the Four Noble Truths, which allows life to be looked at from the right viewpoint and happiness found ● Right attitude: love and kindness are to be valued over selfishness ● Right speech: speech is to be kind and helpful, rather than boastful, gossiping, lying, or tale-telling ● Right action: think right thoughts, and this will allow good to be done, so overcoming evil ● Right living: employment is to be done that is useful to other people, and done to the best of one’s ability The Buddha in death, lying peacefully on his right side Right effort: love, thinking, and concentration are to be developed rather than evil things, and the Noble Eightfold Path is to be followed at the individual’s own pace ● Right mindfulness: the desire for unnecessary things is to be avoided ● Right concentration: the mind has to be controlled so that concentration on the important things in life can be learned ● Buddhist symbols ● The Buddha’s enlightenment (Buddha sitting in the lotus position) ● The Buddha’s death (Buddha lying on his side) ● The Wheel of the Law Sacred texts ● Tripitaka (Tipitaka) or Pali Canon (Buddha’s teachings) ● Sutras or Suttas (Buddha’s teachings translated into Sanskrit) ● Kajur (Buddha’s teachings translated into Tibetan) ● Lalitavistara (stories of Buddha’s life in Sanskrit) ● Buddhacarita (stories of Buddha’s life in Sanskrit) Buddhist groups ● Theravada (“the southern way”) ● Mahayana (“the northern way”), which includes Zen Buddhism Festivals and holy days ● Hana Matsuri (birth of Buddha) – April – Japan ● Saga dawa (Buddha’s first sermon) – May – Tibet ● Festival of Wesak (Buddha’s birth and enlightenment) – May/June – Thailand ● Summer Retreat (prayer and study) – July – China ● Anniversary of the arrival of Sanghamitta – December/ January – Sri Lanka