Download ANOTHER BEAUTIFUL POWERPOINT BY PATRICK SOPKO.

ANOTHER BEAUTIFUL
POWERPOINT BY
PATRICK SOPKO.
Lucky you. It is about wetlands.
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The soil of wetlands are very wet and full
of water. They are rich in minerals and
have many plants growing out of them.
Soil.
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The exact hydrological function of each wetland type is still undetermined. In
addition, because each wetland is uniquely situated within the landscape,
wetland hydrology will be somewhat unique to all wetland types.
The hydrological regime of each wetland differs in frequency and magnitude of
high water, duration, timing, and temporal sequences of high and low water
(Zedler, 2000). We still do not know how fluctuations in the hydroperiod affect
plant and animal communities (Zedler, 2000).
Pre-degradation long-term hydrological data is unknown for a lot of wetlands.
Typically, one of the main goals of wetland restoration is to restore the
hydrology of a particular wetland. This is often a difficult goal when there are
no previous records of hydrological data.
It is unclear to scientists exactly how much of the natural hydrological regime
has to be restored; we need to know if partial improvements can restore the
biota and biological functions of wetlands (Zedler, 2000).
Hydrology.
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The wetland vegetation described here is grouped into four general ecological categories, depending mainly
on growth position in relation to water level (Whitley et al. 1999). Of course, water levels tend to vary in
wetlands on seasonal and interannual time periods according to climatic conditions and human
management. While some wetland plants can tolerate substantial variations in soil moisture and water
level, others have strict water requirements for survival. Thus, the following groups represent only a rough
guide to typical wetland plant habitats.
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Shoreline: plants that grow in wet soil on raised hummocks or along the shorelines of streams, ponds,
bogs, marshes, and lakes. These plants grow at or above the level of standing water; some may be rooted
in shallow water.
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Emergent: plants that are rooted in soil that is underwater most of the time. These plants grow up through
the water, so that stems, leaves and flowers emerge in air above water level.
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Floating: plants whose leaves mainly float on the water surface. Much of the plant body is underwater and
may or may not be rooted in the substrate. Only small portions, namely flowers, rise above water level.
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Submerged: plants that are largely underwater with few floating or emergent leaves. Flowers may emerge
(briefly) in some cases for pollination.
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The following plant descriptions are based on Whitley et al. (1999), as well as other sources as noted. Inksketch illustrations of many typical wetland plants by Haefner (in Whitley et al. 1999) are provided in a
separate handout package. All photographs below © by J.S. Aber.
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Shoreline plants
Vegetation.
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Riverbanks, floodplains elevated only a
few feet above river level, abandoned
river channels, and oxbow lakes may have
standing or sluggishly flowing water for
much of the year and thus support
swamps and marshes. Many trees can
survive and even thrive in freshwater
swamps as long as their roots are not
submerged in water for long periods of
time.
Bogs
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Freshwater marshes are often found in
open areas near rivers and lakes. They
are very common at the mouths of rivers
and form in areas with mineral soil that
drains very slowly. The water in
freshwater marshes is usually one to six
feet deep and is rich in minerals. Water
flows into marshes from rain or from a
water source like creeks, streams, or
rivers.
Marsh
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A swamp is a wetland with some flooding of large areas of land
by shallow bodies of water. A swamp generally has a large
number of hammocks, or dry-land protrusions, covered by
aquatic vegetation, or vegetation that tolerates periodical
inundation.[1] The two main types of swamp are "true" or swamp
forests and "transitional" or shrub swamps. The water of a swamp
may be fresh water, brackish water or seawater.
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In North America, swamps are usually regarded as including a
large amount of woody vegetation, but elsewhere this may not
necessarily apply, such as in African swamps dominated by
papyrus. By contrast, a marsh in North America is a wetland
without woody vegetation, or elsewhere, a wetland without
woody vegetation which is shallower and has less open water
surface than a swamp. A mire (or quagmire) is a low-lying
wetland of deep, soft soil or mud that sinks underfoot with large
algae covering the water's surface.
Swamps
They absorb excess water for humans.
They provide food for animals and humans.
They provide a habitat for animals.
Functions and Values of Wetlands.
They absorb excess water for humans.
They provide food for animals and humans.
They provide a habitat for animals.
Wetlands ARE important to all
organisms.
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Just another one of my AMAZING
powerpoints. Lucky you.
Yeayaaaa.