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ATHENS vs SPARTA – THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR
Thucydides
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Athenian
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Wrote the “History of the Peloponnesian War”
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“Father of
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Thorough
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Not interested in
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Unbiased
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He was
Thucydides vs Herodotus
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Herodotus
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Thucydides
Sparta vs Athens
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Peloponnesian League
•
•
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Main Land City-States
Delian League
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Fight the Persians
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Naval Power
Conflict between Megara & Corinth- 449 BC
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Athens
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15-years of war
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30 Year Peace Signed by Athens & Sparta
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Athens started to
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Enemies: Sparta, Peloponnesian League,
460-400 BC
”
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Athens’s Navy allowed them to expand and control allies/ colonies
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Athens’s leader
Pericles
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Athenian Leader- “
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Turned Athens into an Empire- Lead the People
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Athens could
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Pericles had a
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Sparta was unable to
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Athens could behave like an Island
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Disease spread within walls,
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Pericles
Head to Head
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Each side used their military strength to
attack the other
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Sparta used its large army to ravage
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Athens’s navy attacked the coast &
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Athens’s Navy forced Sparta to keep part
of army at home
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never able
3 Phases of the War
Phase 1: Archidamian War
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Sparta
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Athens
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Truce after 10 years
”
Phase 2: The Peace of Nicias
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Both sides lose leaders, forced to regroup
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Minor skirmishes
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Sparta’s
Phase 3: Decelean War
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Sicily, (Athens ally) under attack from Syracuse
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Athens launches attack after attack- all
unsuccessful
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Athens’s
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Sparta & allies don’t go for the kill
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Athens recovers, Navy rebuilt
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Many gifted Athenian Naval commanders
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With support of Persia, Sparta defeats Athens at Sea
The End of Athens
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Without Navy,
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Siege now in full effect, Athens and allies surrender
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Walls
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Sparta allies want
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Sparta recalls Athens’s previous efforts when Greece was under attack- opts to include them in
their system
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Sparta install 30 Tyrants, Democracy suspended- overthrown by Athens after a year
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Athens & Sparta are weakened by conflict, rivalry remains
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Remain significant players until Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta
Sparta
Athens
Upper class had all of the power, Helots
(slaves) did the majority of the work
Juries selected by pop., very large and
decided verdict by secret ballot
No real aspirations of expansion in
Greece