Download Cartilaginous Joint

Nick Engelhardt – Doctor
Grant Sturgis – Research Assistant
Cody White – Technology Director
Colt Wicking – Research Assistant
Important Vocabulary

Articulation: A joint between bones of cartilage in the
skeleton

Arthrology: The study or description of joints.

Kinesiology: The study of movement of body parts.

Rheumatology: The study of medicine devoted to the
joint diseases and related conditions.

Dislocation: The displacement of a bone from a joint
with tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular
capsules. Also known as “luxation”
Rheumatoid Arthritis –
Patient One.

Define: Attacks the joints and destroys the
articular cartilage and degrades the stiffness of
the joins. In addition this condition can diffuse
inflammation in the lungs, pericardium and
sclera. Autoimmunity (the ability of the body to
recognize it’s own parts) plays a large role in
this disease’s chronicity and progression.
Rheumatoid Arthritis continued
Symptoms:
 Joint swelling
 Join pain
 Morning stiffness that last for hours
 Red puffy hands caused by rheumatoid
nodules.
Treatment of R.A.



Medications such as; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Steroids; Corticosteroid medications, such as
Prednisone and Methylprednisolone (Medrol),
and TNF-alpha inhibitors.
All of which seem to have a uncomfortable
side effects for the patient.
Other treatments may include physical
therapy, which is used to find less stressful
ways of using your joints in everyday
matters.
 Another option is to have surgery to help
reduce the progression of this disorder

Preventions of R.A.

No preventions are available because
no exact cause of the disease is
currently known.
Patient 2 - Osteoarthritis
Define: Sometimes called degenerative
joint disease or osteoarthritis, is the
most common form of arthritis. This
occurs when the cartilage in your joints
wear down over time.
 Happens most often in hands, knees,
hips, lower back, and neck.

Osteoarthritis Symptoms
Symptoms Worsen over time. Pain comes
from the following:
 Tenderness
 Stiffness
 Loss of flexibility
 Granting sensation
 Bone spurs
Treatments of Osteoarthritis
Medications include:
 Acetaminophen
 NSAIDs
 Tramadol
 Stronger painkillers, such as: Codeine
propoxyphene (Daryon), cortisone shots
 Also Physical Therapy and Surgery may
treat Osteoarthritis.
Preventions of Osteoarthritis
There are ways to help
prevent osteoarthritis such as
continuous exercise, trying to
prevent injury to bones or
joints, also controlling your
weight. It is said that 1lb of
weight is equivalent to 4 lbs of
weight on weight bearing
joints.
Patient 3 - Sprain
A sprain is a forced moving of a joint which
can result in pain and limit the use of
said joints. If left unresolved sprains can
involve into other conditions over time,
some including arthritis.
Symptoms of the sprain
Symptoms include:
 Mild to server pain in the affected joint.
 Worsens with movement or application
of pressure
 Swelling
 Redness
 Or bruising around the joint.
 In severe cases, loss of mobility.
Treatments of the Sprain
Use the RICE treatment. Which is:
 Rest
 Ice
 Compression
 Elevation

Also, mild painkillers depending on the
severity of the sprain
Preventions of sprains
 Careful
and cautious behavior during
stressful and mechanical activities
and events such as playing sports or
running.
 Also wearing the proper protection
when doing strenuous activities.
Structural Classes of Joints
Fibrous Joint – Joined by fibrous
connective tissues, provided little or no
movement, hold together bones suck as
the skull and pelvis.
 Cartilaginous Joint – Joined by cartilage
attached to bone, provides little movement.
Found in the ribs and or spine.
 Synovial Joint – These are not directly
joined, they provide a variety of different
movements. A cavity filled with synovial
fluid surrounds these joints to protect and
lubricate the bones.

Functional Classification of Joints
Our joints can be classified by function,
or the degree of mobility they allow.

Synarthrosis: Mostly fibrous joints
that permit little to no mobility (ex.
Skull)

Amphiarthrosis: Mostly cartilaginous
joints that permits slight mobility (ex.
Vertebrae)

Diathrosis: Synovial joints that permit
a variety of movements (ex. Shoulder,
Hip, Elbow, etc)
Fibrous joints
Fibrous joints are made up of dense connective tissue consisting of
collage. There are 3 different type of fibrous joints in the body
Sutures: Found between the bones of the skull and only
allow a tiny bit of movement. In babies sutures are wide to
allow for slight movement for birth, which later become
ridged. These joints are synarthrodial
 Syndesmosis: Found between long bones in the body
like the fibula and tibia in the leg. These joints are
amphiarthrodial and are moveable but not to such a
degree as synovial joints.
 Gomphosis: Found between the root and tooth and the
sockets of the maxilla or mandible.

Pictures of Fibrous Joints
Suture
Syndesmosis
Gomphosis
Cartilaginous Joints
Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage, either fibro cartilage or
hyaline. These joints allow more movement between then then fibrous
joints, but not as much as synovial joints. These also form the growth
regions of immature bones as well as inter-vertebral discs of the spinal
column. There are Primary and Secondary cartilaginous joints.
 Primary Cartilaginous Joints: Also known as “synchondroses”. Bones
are connected by hyaline/fibro cartilage, sometimes occurring between
ossification centers. May ossify with age. Ex.: Human growth plate
between ossification centers in long bones. These joints allow little to no
movement.
 Secondary Cartilaginous Joints: Also known as “symphyses” and
usually occur in the midline. Ex.: the manubriosternal joint, intervertebral discs, and the pubis symphysis. Articulating bones at the
symphsis are covered with hyaline cartilage and had pads of fibro
cartilages between them.
Cartilaginous Joints Pictures
Synchondroses
Symphyses
Synovial Joints
There are 6 different types of synovial joints:






Gliding joints (planar joints): These joints allow only gliding or sliding
movement. (Ex.: Wrist)
Hinge Joints: These joints act like a door hinge, allowing flexion and
extension in just one plane. (Ex.: The elbow, and knee)
Pivot Joints: There is where one bone rotates about another. (Ex.: Joint
between the atlas and axis neck bones)
Condyloid Joints (ellipsoidal joints): When two bones fit together in an
odd shape. One bone is concave, one is convex. (Ex.: the wrist)
Saddle Joints: Saddle joints, which resemble a saddle, permits the same
movement as condyloid joints. (Ex.: The thumb)
Ball and socket joints: These allow a wide range of movement. (Ex.:
Shoulder and hip joints)
Synovial Joint Picture
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