Download Public Speaking as a Form of Communication

Chapter One
Becoming a
Public Speaker
Chapter One
Table of Contents
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Public Speaking and the Communication
Process
Learning to Speak in Public
Classical roots of public speaking
The Many Benefits of Public
Speaking
Professional and personal opportunities
Honing Critical Thinking and Listening
Skills
Enhancing Your Career as a Student
Accomplishing Professional and Personal
Goals
Exploring and Sharing Values
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Honing Critical Thinking and Listening
Skills
Sharpen your ability to reason or think
critically.
Learn to make claims and present
evidence and reasoning
Improve listening skills which enables you
to separate fact from falsehood.
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Enhancing Your Career as a Student
Preparing speeches
involves numerous skills
that you can use in other
courses:
Research
Oral presentation
Basic communication
Creative thinking
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Accomplishing Professional and
Personal Goals
Professional Goals:
Convey information, persuade and motivate
others
Skill in public speaking tops the list of
sought-after skills by many organizations.
Personal Goals
Public speaking helps you communicate
personal concerns to others.
The Many Benefits of Public Speaking:
Exploring and Sharing Values
Public speaking enables you to express values
and explore those of others in a civil dialogue,
regardless of whether or not the audience
shares your viewpoint.
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Dyadic communication: communication
between two people
Small group communication: small
number of people who can see and speak
directly with each other
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Mass communication: a speaker and a
large audience of unknown people
Public speaking: a speaker delivers a
message with a specific purpose to an audience
who are present during delivery
Public Speaking as a Form of
Communication
Similarities between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Differences between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Public Speaking as a Form of Communication:
Similarities between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Like small group communication, public
speaking requires you to clearly address issues
that are relevant to the topic and occasion.
Like mass communication, you have to appeal
to a listener’s interest, attitudes, and values.
Public Speaking as a Form of Communication:
Similarities between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Like in conversations, you have to attempt to
make yourself understood, involve and respond
to the listeners, and take responsibility for what
you say.
Public Speaking as a Form of Communication:
Differences between Public Speaking
and Other Forms of Communication
Feedback in public speaking is more
restrictive.
Preparation must be careful and
extensive.
The degree of formality tends to be
higher.
Public Speaking and the
Communication Process
Communication is an interactive process
in which people exchange and interpret
messages with one another.
Public Speaking and the Communication
Process
Elements of Communication
Special Speaker Considerations:
Speech Context, Goals, and Outcome
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
Source: Person who creates a message
Encoding: physical process of delivering a
message
Receiver: Recipient of the source’s message
Decoding: process of interpreting the speaker’s
message
Message: Content of the communication
process; thoughts and ideas
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
Channel: medium through which the speaker
sends a message
Noise: interference that serves as a barrier to
communication
 Audience Perspective: needs, attitudes, and
values of the audience
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Elements of Communication
Shared Meaning: mutual understanding of
a message between speaker and audience
Public Speaking and the Communication Process:
Special Speaker Considerations
Speech context: factors that influence
the audience, the speech, or the occasion.
Maintain a clear focus on your goal.
Make sure afterward that you have
accomplished the goal you set out to
reach.
Learning to Speak in Public
Draw on Familiar Skills
Recognize Public Speaking’s Unique
Requirements
Aim to Become a Culturally Sensitive
Speaker
Learning to Speak in Public
Public speaking is an acquired skill.
People have to devote time and effort to
improvement.
Learning to Speak in Public:
Draw on Familiar Skills
There are many skills to public speaking
that you have used unknowingly
throughout your life, in conversation and
writing.
Learning to Speak in Public:
Draw on Familiar Skills
Writing and public speaking have many
similarities.
Each require a focused sense of the
audience
Each require research and documentation
Both use effective transitions
Both rely on persuasion
Learning to Speak in Public:
Draw on Familiar Skills
 Conversation and public speaking also
have many similarities.
 Both require the speaker to consider the
audience, the topic, and the occasion.
 However, conversation is more informal;
public speaking requires formal language
Learning to Speak in Public:
Recognize Public Speaking’s Unique
Requirements
Use familiar words and straightforward
syntax.
Use a conversational tone along with a
formal style.
Learning to Speak in Public:
Aim to Become a Culturally Sensitive
Speaker
Recognize and appreciate all forms of
diversity.
Create a sense of inclusion.
Avoid ethnocentrism : the belief that the
ways of one’s own culture are superior to those
of other cultures
Classical roots in public speaking
Rhetoric: the practice of oratory
The cannons of rhetoric: the five
part process of preparing a speech
Classical roots in public speaking
The cannons of rhetoric
Invention – adapting to the audience
Arrangement – organizing the speech
Style – language choice
Memory – practicing the speech
Delivery – vocal and nonvocal behavior